1. Estradiol 17β
Paola Lara
May Arnold

2. C18H24O2 estra-, Gk. oistros, “verve or inspiration”
-diol, chemical name for an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups

3. Estradiol Structure

4. What does it do? Sexual Development Female reproduction Bone
Secondary sex characteristics
Female reproduction
Growth hormone for reproductive tissues
Maintenance of oocytes
Menstruation
Pregnancy
Bone
Bone growth
Bone structure
Brain
Mood
Protection
Men
Sperm cells

5. Where is it made? Primary Secondary (in smaller amounts)
In the follicles and granulosa cells of the ovaries from a pathway involving chemical intermediates including androstenedione
Secondary (in smaller amounts)
Brain
Arterial walls
Liver

6. Two cell theory of estrogen production: Luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of androstenedione from cholesterol in the theca cells. This androgen is then transported to the granulosa cells, where it is converted to estrone. Follicle stimulating hormone then promotes the conversion of estrone to 17b‑estradiol in the ovaries.
cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate. A second messenger. Works with protein kinase A.

8. Δ5 Enzymes P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme P450c17
17α-hydroxylase
17, 20 lyase
3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
P450 aromatase
17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase Δ5

9. Δ4 Enzymes P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme
3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
P450c17
17α-hydroxylase
17, 20 lyase
P450 aromatase
17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase

10. Δ5 Δ4

11. Symptoms of High Estradiol
Bloating
Mood swings
Fatigue
Swelling and tenderness in the breasts
Fibrocystic developments in the breast
Difficulty with memory
Trouble sleeping
Decreased sex drive
Weight gain
Increased symptoms of premenstrual syndrome or PMS
Irregular menstrual periods
Hair loss
Headaches
Cold hands or feet

12. Estradiol Ranges in Women
Before menopause, estradiol levels are widely variable throughout the menstrual cycle:
Mid-follicular phase: pg/mL
Peri-ovulatory: pg/mL
Mid-luteal phase: pg/mL
Postmenopausal: 0-40 pg/mL
Lower Levels can mean:
Menopause
Turner Syndrome
Ovarian Failure
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Hypopituitarism
Hypogonadism
Estradiol Ranges in Women

13. High Estradiol In Men “Manopause”
The normal range of estradiol in men is approximately pg/mL
Increased levels can lead to
Infertility
Gynecomastia
Erectile dysfunction
High Estradiol In Men
“Manopause”

14. Key Terminology ERα and ERβ Heat Shock Protein Transcription factors
Activators
Corepressors
RNA Polymerase
Estrogen response element
Target gene

15. Nuclear Receptor