1. Japan, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Czechoslovak legions
The Sides
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Britain
Germany
France
Austria-Hungary
Russia (1917 exit)
Ottoman Empire
United States (1917 entry)
Bulgaria
Italy
Japan, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Czechoslovak legions

2. The Fronts
WWI is fought on two main fronts (contested area where the two sides are fighting) – the Eastern Front and the Western Front.

3. Trench Warfare
The soldiers live in holes in the ground, separated by “no-man’s-land.”
The trenches include barbed wire, machinegun nests, gun batteries and heavy artillery.

4. Trench Warfare
Unfortunately, military leaders had never fought this way before – they were used to mobile battles.
The only plan they could come up with was to order masses of soldiers into a frontal assault to try to break through the enemy trenches.
Begin with heavy artillery (bombing/shelling) and then send thousands of troops across no-man’s-land while completely exposed to machine-gun fire.
Thousands of men could be mown down in minutes and the few that made it to the other side then had to face the enemy in their trenches.

5. “Going over the top”

6. Downton Abbey: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diJ13qnULRQ

7. Responses to trench warfare stalemate

8. 1917 Russia leaves the war U.S. enters the war Why? Why?
Russian Revolution (more on that next time)
Why?
German U-boats sank the Lustania, carrying American citizens
Zimmerman Telegram

9. The Last Push
The stalemate had dragged on from But when the U.S. entered the war, the Germans decided to gamble and launch an all-out offensive on the Western Front (hoping to win before the U.S. could send too many troops over).
They came within 50 miles of Paris, but were stopped at the Second Battle of the Marne by French, Moroccan, and American troops.

10. The End of the War
With 2 million American troops, the Allies were able to push Germany back.
11:11 AM, 11/11/1918 – armistice ends the fighting

11. WWI 65 million soldiers involved in the war
37 million casualties (dead or wounded)
ALLIED POWERS
Country
Killed
Total Casualties
Russia
1,700,000
9,150,000
Britain
908,371
3,190,235
France
1,357,800
6,160,800
Italy
650,000
2,197,000
United States
116,516
323,018
TOTAL
5,142,631
22,062,427
CENTRAL POWERS
Country
Killed
Total Casualties
Germany
1,773,700
7,142,558
Austria-Hungary
1,200,000
7,020,000
Turkey
325,000
975,000
TOTAL
3,386,200
15,404,477