1. Homo Rudolfensis
● 1.9 million years ago
● Brain size 526 cc

2. Homo Rudolfensis

3. Homo Ergaster ● 1.8 million years ago ● Brain size 900 cc
● Large increase in brain size
after Habilis
● Large
Prefrontal
Cortex

4. Homo Ergaster - “Turkana Boy”

5. Homo Ergaster

6. Homo Gautengensis ● 1.8 million years ago
● Extinct 1 million years ago
● Short stature: 3' 6”

7. Homo Erectus Georgicus
● 1.7 million years ago
● Brain size 600 cc
● Lived in Europe
● Similar to
Homo Erectus and
Homo Ergaster

8. Homo Erectus ● 1 million years ago ● Extinct 300,000 years ago
● Brain size 1050 cc

9. Homo Erectus
●Took care of their elderly

10. Homo Erectus

11. Homo Erectus

12. Homo Antecessor ● 800,000 years ago ● Brain size 1,350 cc
● Lived in Europe

13. Homo Antecessor

14. Homo Heidelbergensis ● 400,000 years ago ● Brain size 1350 cc
● Lived in Europe
● Used stone tipped spears

15. Homo Heidelbergensis

16. Homo Rhodesiensis
● 125,000 years ago
● Brain size 1100 cc
● Similar skull to Heidelbergensis

17. Homo Sapiens (Archaic)
● 100,000 years ago
● Brain size 1,520 cc
● Strong Brow Ridges
● Slight prognathism

18. Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)
● Extinct 32,000 years ago
● Brain size 1350 cc
● Neanderthal DNA recovered
● Interbred with ancestors to
Europeans and Asians

21. Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)
●Took care of their elderly

22. Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)

23. ● Built homes from animal bones
● Used advanced tools (but not as advanced as Homo
Sapiens)
● Buried their dead

24. Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”
● Extinct 13,000 years ago
● Brain size 350 cc
● Very small brain
● 3 feet 6 inches tall
● Lived on small islands with dwarf elephants
and dog-sized rats

25. Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”

26. Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”

27. Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”

28. Cro-magnon (cave man)
● 43,000 years ago
● Early European Homo Sapien
● Mitochondrial DNA recovered

29. ? Denisovans ● 41,000 years ago ● We don't know what they looked like
● DNA was recovered
from one finger bone
● Interbred with ancient Asians

30. A Hominid Forgery: Piltdown man
● Using radiometric dating
scientists exposed it as
a 500 year old skull with an
orangutan's jaw
● Shoe polish had been
added to make it look old

33. Homo Sapiens (modern)
● Brain size 1350 cc
● Small Brow Ridge
on males
● Little or no prognathism
(jaw jutting forward)
● Advanced tools
● Use of jewelry

35. Modern Skulls
Native Australian
African
European