1. The Reformation
Early to mid-1500s

2. Unit Objectives To learn and analyze the causes of the Reformation
To learn the reasons why Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church
To learn the impact of Luther’s decision to leave the Church
To learn the differences between Catholicism and Lutheranism
To learn and analyze the differences between Luther and other reformers
To identify the important figures and groups of the Reformation and what they believed in

3. What does it mean to reform something?
What was in need of reforming in the 1500’s?

4. Criticisms of the Catholic Church
People were questioning the “old ways” as a result of learning to think for themselves and as a result of getting educated during the Renaissance
Some were unhappy with the Catholic Church and welcomed new options because they questions the strictness of the Church, its overall extravagance, and its complicated masses conducted in Latin

5. Martin Luther was a German monk who favored reform
What was his main grievance against the Catholic Church?

6. INDULGENCES—PAYING FOR FORGIVENESS OF SINS OR CHURCH POSITIONS
-What did he try to do about it?

7. HE NAILED A LIST OF GRIEVANCES (THE 95 THESIS) TO CHURCH DOOR
Someone used the printing press to spread the 95 Thesis all over Western Europe--What happened to Luther as a result?

8. HE WAS EXCOMMUNICATED AND EXILED BY CHURCH
-How did that work to his advantage?
HIS IDEAS BECAME POPULAR AND SPREAD

9. What did Luther use his time in exile to do?

10. HE TRANSLATED THE BIBLE INTO GERMAN AND USED THE PRINTING PRESS TO REPRODUCE IT
Why did Luther refuse to recant?

11. HE SAID HE WOULD RECANT ONLY IF THE CHURCH COULD PROVE WITH SCRIPTURE (THE BIBLE) HE WAS WRONG—THEY COULDN’T

12. What was the main difference in what Luther believed in comparison to what the Catholic Church taught?

13. JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH (CAN GET TO HEAVEN SIMPLY BY BELIEVING IN GOD—NO NEED TO DO EXTRA THINGS CHURCH SAID YOU HAD TO DO)
“God doesn’t need your good works, your neighbor does.”
Other differences between Catholicism and Lutheranism (a form of Protestantism): The Bible, not the Pope was the true authority on religion; Church doctrine and rituals were simplified; All occupations were seen as important, not just religious ones

14. Protestantism Any Christian religion that is not Catholic
Luther’s version of it was called “Lutheranism”
Peasant’s Revolt (War): Many peasants used the teachings of Luther to justify rising up against their feudal lords—He opposed that

15. Many divisions formed within Protestantism as it spread
Zwingli (Zurich, Switzerland):
WANTED COMPLETE BREAK WITH CATHOLIC TRADITIONS
  Theocracy: A church-run
government

16. John Calvin (Geneva, Switzerland):
Also wanted to break away from Catholic traditions
-Predestination: Things in
life are pre-determined—
what you do if life will not
change your fate after death

17. Anabaptists:
-Baptized adult members instead of babies—
Why?
-Anabaptists also refused to take oaths or bear
arms, they lived separate lives from the rest of
society and were often persecuted for their
beliefs, many fled to America for religious
freedom, and they greatly influenced American
ideas like separation of church and state

18. The Church of England Henry VIII:
What did he want that brought him into conflict with the Catholic Church and why did he want it?

19. HE WANTED A DIVORCE BECAUSE HIS WIFE HAD FAILED TO PROVIDE A MALE HEIR
When the Church refused to give Henry what he wanted what did he do?

20. HE CREATED HIS OWN RELIGION LOOSELY MODELED AFTER PROTESTANTISM, PLACED THE KING AS THE HEAD OF THE NEW CHURCH, AND GRANTED HIMSELF A DIVORCE
The Catholic Church excommunicated Henry; He didn’t care

22. Anne Boleyn:
HENRY’S MISTRESS WHO HE WANTED TO
MARRY AFTER GETTING HIS DIVORCE

23. ANNE ALSO FAILED TO PROVIDE A MALE HEIR AND WAS BEHEADED FOR TREASON

24. Queen Mary (Bloody Mary): Henry’s
daughter; Had her sister Elizabeth imprisoned
so she couldn’t compete with her for the
throne; Tried to restore
Catholicism by burning
Protestants at the stake

25. Queen Elizabeth I: Henry’s other daughter; Became queen after Mary died; Combined Catholicism and Protestantism to form the
Anglican Church

26. Catholic (Counter) Reformation
Attempt by Catholic Church to reform itself to keep more people from leaving and stop the spread of Protestantism
The Church investigated the use of indulgences and decided not to sell them anymore
Great Schism: Church ended up dividing into two separate Catholic Churches (Roman Catholic based in Rome and Eastern Orthodox in Eastern Europe)

27. What was Luther’s main problem with the Catholic Church?
The Church granted indulgences
The Church refused to grant indulgences
The Church granted divorces
The Church refused to grant divorces
Luther believed people had to perform “good works” to get into Heaven

28. Paying for the forgiveness of sins was called:
Tithing
Predestination
Indulgences
Penance
Theocracy

29. What did Luther do that got him in trouble with the Catholic Church?
He nailed a list of grievances to his church door
He printed a book criticizing the Church
He led the Peasant’s Revolt
He founded the Anglican Church

30. What landmark thing did Luther do while in exile?
He founded the Anglican Church
He got married
He write a book criticizing the Church
He translated the Bible into German

31. What was the main issue that made up the main difference between Catholicism and Lutheranism/Protestantism?
Indulgences
Justification By Faith
Allowing priests to marry
Confession of sins
The Bible as the sole source of God’s Word

32. Who believed in Predestination?
Luther
Zwingli
Calvin
Henry VIII
Elizabeth I

33. Who founded the Anglican Church?
Luther
Henry VIII
Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth I
Queen Mary