1. New France
The Culture and People

2. Religion Catholic (Catholicism)
Makes sense because the French in France were Catholic
Largest Religion in the World
1 of the 2 Major Christian Religions (European)
Pope is the Head
Deacons, Priests, Bishops, Cardinals (ONLY Men)
Jesus Christ is Son of God
Get to Heaven from 2 ways: Faith in God, Good Works in Life

3. Social Structure Hierarchy
A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
The Opposite of Canadian society today
The Opposite of a Democratic Society
Most important people at the TOP, least important at the BOTTOM

5. Hierarchy The Very Top: The King of France
The Top: Governor-General, Bishop, Intendant, High Ranking Military
The Middle: Seigneur, Priests, Knights, Middle Ranking Military
The Bottom: Habitants, Serfs (Peasants), Woman, Low Ranking Soldier

6. Mercantilism (Economic System)
Economic System used by European Empires
Economy was controlled by the Government
Based on maintaining wealth in the empire
It was believed that for 1 Empire to win, another had to lose
European countries were in constant competition with each other
Gold and Silver mean wealth (Currency)
Trade with other Mother Countries and First Nations was encouraged
The aim was to Export more Goods and Services than it Imported

7. Major Cities Quebec City Algonquin for “Where the river narrows”
The first True city in North America
Capital City of New France
Founded by Samuel de Champlain “The Father of New France”
Military Capital
The site of Major Fort
Built along the “Saint Lawrence River”

8. Major Cities Montreal South of Quebec City
Also built along the “Saint Lawrence River”
Means “Mount Royal” in French

9. People of New France

10. Soldiers Members of the French military
Were supposed to keep the natives from harassing fur traders and fishermen as well as keep English traders from coming into the area
Paid by the King of France to protect his territory in North America

12. Metis
French and English fur traders would often marry or start relationships with people of Native American tribes
Iroquois, Huron, Algonquin, Ojibwa
Their children would in turn be “Half European” and “Half Native”
These children became the Metis (Large group exists today)
Metis comes from Latin word meaning “To Mix”
Many were treated very poorly, as they did not fit into either of the 2 groups (mixed blood)

13. Coureur de Bois/Voyageurs
Fishermen and then fur traders
Coureur de Bois meaning “runner of the woods” meant they were working illegally (without a license from the King)
Voyageurs were working with a license from the King
Produced maps of the areas they visited and improved relations with different native groups often learning their language and marrying native women
Traded metal goods for beaver pelts which were sent back to France
Came seeking profit and adventure

15. Jesuit Priests
Male members of a religious order of the Catholic Church
Establish schools for the settler’s sons
Build hospitals, churches and convents
Help build other public buildings
Convert the natives to Christianity
Support the colony in it’s faith
Fulfill their responsibility to the Catholic Church

17. Seigneur Landowners granted land from the King of France
They were to divided this land into farms and then get habitants to run those farms
They would collect taxes from the habitants who ran the farms
They needed to build a mill that all the habitants in their area would use as well as help build a church
They would report to the Intendant
Came because they were granted land by the King and encouraged to come to New France

19. Habitant Small landholders that would work a farm for the seigneurs
Farm land and grow crops to support the colony
Pay taxes to the seigneur
Work the seigneur’s personal farm land for 10 days a year
Some came because there was not enough good farmland left in France
Sometimes poor/homeless/criminals rounded up and forced to come
Trying to make a better life for themselves in New France

21. Intendant
A commoner chosen to be the King’s representative in New France
Chief administrator of New France in the King’s name
Supervised daily running of the colony
Reported to the King of France
Appointed for a set time period

22. Jean Talon

23. Filles du Roi King’s Daughters (not really related to the King)
Their job was to come and marry the settlers already in New France and help establish the population (have lots of children and raise families)
Sometimes poor or orphaned girls who could not afford a “dowry” and so could not get married
Sometimes homeless or criminals forced to come to help the colony
They were trying to make a better life for themselves

25. Ursuline Nuns
Female members of a religious order of the Catholic Church
Founded schools for girls
Ran hospitals, caring for the sick and wounded
Taught children French, mathematics and religion
Convert the natives to Christianity
Support the colony in it’s faith
Fulfill their responsibility to the Catholic Church

27. Bishop Represented the Roman Catholic Church in New France
Ruled over parish priests and nuns in the King’s name
Reported to the King about colony’s activities and ensured harmony among his parishes
Member of French nobility appointed by the King

28. Monseigneur de Laval

29. Governor-General Living symbol of the King’s authority
Highest ranking official
Military planning, relations with the native people, ensured other officials did their job
Member of French nobility (military officer) appointed by the King

30. Marquis de Montcalm