1. Human Heredity

2. Karyotype Photograph of condensed chromosomes
Pair homologous chromosomes

4. Chromosomes Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes
Sex chromosomes: determine gender
Female
Male
Body Cell
46,XX
46,XY
Gamete
Type
Egg
Sperm
23,X
½: 23,X
½: 23,Y

5. Pedigree Chart showing a trait in a family. Traits:
controlled by >1 gene
environment effects expression

6. Blood Group Genes Rh group: ABO group Alleles Antigen Blood Type AA/Ai
+ (dominate) – (recessive)
ABO group
Alleles
Antigen
Blood Type
AA/Ai A
BB/Bi B AB
A & B ii
none O

7. Recessive Alleles
Genetic Disorders caused by two non-functional recessive alleles.
PKU: unable to break down phenylalanine.
Tay-Sachs: nervous system break down, and death in first few years.

8. Dominate Alleles
Genetic disorders caused by one non-functioning dominate allele.
Achondroplasia: dwarfism
Huntington’s Disease: loss of muscle control and mental function.

9. Cystic Fibrosis Common with individuals with N. Europe ancestors.
Cells in the person’s airways are unable to transport Cl-.
Airways become clogged with mucus.

10. Cystic Fibrosis

11. Codominate Alleles Sickle Cell Disease: 1:500 African Americans
bent, twisted, & rigid RBC
clog capillaries
physical weakness, damage to the heart, brain, and spleen
common in countries with malaria