1. International Security and Peace
Causes of War: Levels of Analysis
Prof. Jaechun Kim

2. Why did the WWII broke out?
Outbreak of WWII
In 1933 in Germany Adolf Hitler came into power…
In 1936 Hitler remilitarized Rhineland…
1938, Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia…
On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland…
Britain and France declared the war on Germany…
Why did the WWII broke out?

3. CAUSES OF WAR LEVELS OF ANALYSIS Decision-makers are responsible…
Kenneth Waltz, Man, the State, and War
Three levels of analysis or three images…
Three Levels of Analysis
First Level
Importance of “Individual Decision Makers”
Bad decision makers make wars…
“ The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly…”
Hitler, Hussein, Kim Jong-il…
Perceptions and Misperceptions
Robert Jervis, Perceptions and Misperceptions in World Politics
Understand how decision-makers think!
Decision-makers are responsible…

4. Second Level Internal Makeup of State and Domestic Politics
Democratic Peace Theory
Socialist Theory of War
Lenin’s theory of imperial war…
Capitalists states wage imperial wars!
Diversionary Use of War
“Rally-around-the -flag effect” of war
Look inside the states! State structures or domestic political processes!!

5. Interdependence School of Liberalists (Keohane, Nye)
Third Level
Structural Characteristics of International System
Minimize the importance of 1st and 2nd level variables…
Neorealism (Structural realism)
Balance of Power Theory
Bipolarity (Waltz, Mearsheimer),
Unipolarity (Hegemonic Stability Theory)
Multipolarity?
Maintaining BOP is important!
Interdependence School of Liberalists (Keohane, Nye)

6. Some Caveats Realism Liberalism 3rd level BOP theory Interdependence
All levels are important to analyzing every war??
Different theories within one level of analysis…
Realism
Liberalism
3rd level
BOP theory
Interdependence
2nd level
1st level