1. Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
Charles T. Blair-Broeker
Randal M. Ernst

2. The Brain
Module 08

3. Phineas Gage
Play “The Frontal Lobes and Behavior: The Story of Phineas Gage” (12:03) Module #25 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

4. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Brainstem
Module 8: The Brain

5. Brainstem The oldest part of the brain
Is responsible for automatic survival functions
Located where the spinal cord swells and the brain just begins

6. Medulla The base of the brainstem
Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing
Damage to this area can lead to death.

7. Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2h from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

8. Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2i from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

9. Reticular Formation
A nerve network extending up and down the spinal cord into the brain
Controls an organism’s level of alertness
Damage to this area can cause a coma.

10. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Thalamus
Module 8: The Brain

11. Thalamus Sits atop the brainstem
The brain’s sensory switchboard -- directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex
Thalamus is Greek for “inner chamber.”

12. Brain Structures - Thalamus
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2a from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

13. Brain Structures - Thalamus
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2b from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

14. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Cerebellum
Module 8: The Brain

15. Cerebellum Latin for the “little brain”
Located in the rear of the brain
Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
If damaged, the person could perform basic movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

16. Brain Structures - Cerebellum
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2j from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

17. Brain Structures - Cerebellum
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2k from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

18. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Limbic System
Module 8: The Brain

19. Limbic System
A ring of structures around the thalamus; at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst
Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

20. Brain Structures – Limbic System
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2g from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

21. Hypothalamus Located directly under the front of the thalamus
Regulates eating, drinking, body temperature, and the fight or flight reactions to stress
Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual function

23. Hypothalamus and Aggression
Play “Aggression, Violence, and the Brain” (7:17) Module #24 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

24. Hippocampus Wraps around the back of the thalamus
Plays a role in processing new memories for permanent storage
Looks something like a seahorse
Hippo is Greek for “horse.”

26. Amygdala Two almond shaped structures
Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger

28. Brain Structures – Lower Brain
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2l from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

29. Brain Structures – Lower Brain
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2m from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

30. The Cerebral Cortex
Module 8: The Brain

31. Cerebral Cortex
The body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Covers the brain’s lower level structures
Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells
Divided into four lobes

32. Corpus Callosum
The large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and carries messages between them
Is sometimes cut to prevent seizures

33. Corpus Callosum
Play “Severed Corpus Callosum” (10:00) Segment #7 from Scientific American Frontiers: Video Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).

34. Longitudinal Fissure
The crevice that divides the brain into two halves or hemispheres
This and other fissures in the brain create major divisions in the brain called lobes

37. Frontal Lobes
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead
Is involved in making plans and judgments

39. The Frontal Lobe
Play “The Frontal Lobes: Cognition and Awareness” (9:05) Segment #7 from The Mind: Psychology Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

40. Parietal Lobes
Regions available for general processing, including mathematical reasoning
Designated as the association lobes
Behind the frontal lobes

42. Occipital Lobe The primary visual processing area
Located in the back of the head

44. Temporal Lobes
Includes the auditory cortex where sound information is processed
Located roughly above the ears

46. Cerebral Cortex

47. Cerebral Cortex

48. Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2c from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

49. Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2d from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the “Readme” file on the CD-ROM.

50. Cerebral Cortex

51. Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
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Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

52. Cerebral Cortex

53. Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2f from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

54. Motor Cortex Area at the rear of the frontal lobes
Controls voluntary movement
Different parts of the cortex control different parts of the body.
The motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and visa versa.

57. Somatosensory Cortex Located in the front of the parietal lobes
Registers and processes body senses
Soma is Greek for “body.”

60. Motor and Sensory Cortex
Play “Image-Guided Surgery” (13:07) Segment #6 from Scientific American Frontiers: Video Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).

61. Hemispheric Differences
Module 8: The Brain

62. Hemispheric Differences
“Left-brained” and “right-brained” debunked
Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works as a single entity.
Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callosum, except in those with split brains.

63. Split Brain Patient
Play “The Divided Brain” (6:46) Module #5 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

64. Hemispheric Differences: Language and Spatial Abilities
Module 8: The Brain

65. The Brain’s Left Hemisphere
For most people, language functions are in the left hemisphere.
For a small percentage of people, language functions are in the right hemisphere.

66. Broca’s Area
Located in the frontal lobe and usually in the left hemisphere
Responsible for the muscle movements of speech
If damaged the person can form the ideas but cannot express them as speech

67. PET Scan of Broca’s Area

69. Broca’s Area
This is the brain of “Tal” from whom Broca discovered the area for speech Note the damage to Broca’s Area.

70. Language and the Brain
Play “Language Centers in the Brain” (3:39) Segment #16 from Psychology: The Human Experience.

71. Wernicke’s Area Located in the temporal lobe
Involved in language comprehension and expression; our ability to understand what is said to us
Usually in the left temporal lobe

73. PET Scan of Wernicke’s Area

74. The Brain’s Right Hemisphere
Houses the brain’s spatial abilities
Our spatial ability allows us to perceive or organize things in a given space, judge distance, etc.
Helps in making connections between words

75. Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas
Play “Language and Speech: Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas” (7:44) Module #6 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

76. Brain Specialization
Insert “Brain Imaging” Video #2b from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

77. Brain Plasticity
Module 8: The Brain

78. Plasticity The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions
Greatest in childhood
Important if parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed

79. Brain Plasticity
If desired, play “A Case Study of Brain Damage” (5:18) Segment #4 from Psychology: The Human Experience. This clip provides an introduction for segment #5 on Brain Plasticity.
Play “Brain Plasticity” (6:21) Segment #5 from Psychology: The Human Experience.

80. Brain Plasticity
Play “Brain Anomaly and Plasticity: Hydrocephalus” (7:02) Module #7 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

81. The End

82. Name of Concept
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83. Name of Concept
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