1. The Communists Strike Back!!
Commies, Koreans, and missiles, oh my!

2. Recap Marshall Plan -- Alliances
Berlin Airlift – Truman shows up Stalin.
Cominform and Monolithic Communism
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
Defense Pact
Economic Ties

3. New Stuff Russia detonates its first atomic bomb in 1949
Not to be one-upped, Truman okays research for the Hydrogen Bomb (more powerful than the atomic bomb)
Note: Truman creates Federal Civil Defense Adm.
Role – educate the masses about nuclear catastrophes and how to react to the bomb
“duck under desk if nuke gets lobbed over here.”
To counter NATO, USSR forms Warsaw Pact (1955).
Economic and Military pact b/t USSR and Eastern Europe
USSR, CZ, PO, RO, E. Ger, Hun., Bul, Albania

4. What about China?
1949 – Mao Zedong’s (Communist) forces drive Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist) from China to Taiwan (Formosa). Nationalists still there.
US gives $3b to Chiang to fight Mao. Gone.
To keep Chiang in charge, US will have to invade and defeat Mao.
Nah

6. Truman loses China Truman is blamed for losing China to Communism
Monolithic Communism
Alger Hiss – Truman advisor accused of espionage; he gave secrets to Soviet spies. “Pumpkin papers”
Truman looks weak against communism
NSC-68 – increase military expenditures and create a permanent standing large army.
Korean War

7. One last thing about Soviet Conduct.
“The Sources of Soviet Conduct” by X
Journal article in Foreign Affairs
History of the rise of communism in Russia
History of the Russian people
Pressures US to respond firmly.

8. Korea
The Forgotten War

9. Korea vs. Japan forced to give up Korea after WWII
Soviets got North Korea. US gets SK
US and USSR pull troops back
NK Kim Il-sung SK-Syngman Rhee
Two sides hate each other
100,000 Koreans die in civil strife in the late 1940’s

10. The spark NK attacks SK because SK vulnerable to attack
Prove Kim il-sung is a major player in communist activities around the world
Get financial and military support from the USSR
Stop a NATO like organization in Asia

11. Here we go. NK invades SK in June of 1950
NK quickly crosses the 38th parallel (line dividing NK from SK) and marches toward Seoul (capital).
Truman orders Gen. Doug MacArthur to supply SK army.
UN security council “conveniently” okays “police action” in Korea

13. Fight!
Truman is forced to defend Korea because of Domino Theory and Truman Doctrine
DT -- If one country falls, others nearby will fall.
U.S. populace supports fighting. Congress falls in line very quickly
Gives him authority to call up National Guard
Gives $1.2B military aid boost
$460M can be immediately spent on Korea.

14. Itchy and Scratchy Gen. Mac invades Inchon, SK 9-15-50
SK capital, Seoul, is liberated within two weeks.
NK retreats back to 38th parallel by end of month
Gen. Mac pushes NK back to Yalu R.
All of NK is under the spell of Gen. Mac

16. China involves itself
11/ ,000 Chinese troops strike and push the U.S. back below 38th P. by January 1951
“We are just advancing in a different direction.” – Gen Oliver Smith
Truman almost accepts peace offering to return Korea back to normal (N & S)

17. The end of Mac
Embarrassed because he said troops would be home by Christmas, 1950
Shifted blame to President for failures
“Pres won’t let me bomb China.”
Truman fires Mac on April 11th, 1951
MacArthur comes home as a hero.
Addresses both houses of Congress: “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”
Armistice agreed to by both sides in July, 1953 temporarily ending war.