1. Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection
Read the following quote, and write a one paragraph reflection. What do you think the quote means? How might it apply to the present day? Reflection should be 3-4 COMPLETE sentences. You have 4 minutes after the bell to complete the assignment.
“O, I wish I was in the land of cotton Old times there are not forgotten Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land.”

2. Unit 4 Part 4: The South

3. Roman slaves, 2nd century A.D. Escaped slavery in Mauritania, 2010
Slavery is older than history and there are still between 12 & 27 million slaves in the world. So is it really bad? Why?
Roman slaves, 2nd century A.D.
Escaped slavery in Mauritania, 2010

4. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney’s invention made it possible to process large amounts of cotton in the South.
All you needed was the labor force to grow it.

5. Whitney later invented interchangeable parts
helped Northern industry.

7. “Cotton is King” By 1840 cotton was the leading export of U.S.
“No power on earth dares to make war upon it. Cotton is King.”

8. Ye Southern Planter 1838, artist unknown
Despite the popular image that antebellum planters lived lives of idle luxury in great mansions, most actually lived in modest homes and worked alongside their employees and slaves, as this 1838 painting by an anonymous artist shows. (Dr. Richard Saloom)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. As cotton production shifts to AL & MS, slaves follow
Families are split, usually permanently

10. Gag Rule
House of Rep. would automatically shelve any petitions against slavery.
J.Q. Adams, now a congressman, fought the rule tirelessly for eight years before he obtained its repeal.

11. Slave Life
Once the Atlantic slave trade ended, the price of slaves rose
Most were treated as well as a good farm animal, but if a slave was killed (or raped) there were rarely any legal consequences
Most common punishment was the whip; striking a master meant death
Male slaves might become skilled workers or household servants; most females stayed in the fields.
Slaves found relief in church (esp stories of Jesus and Moses) and spirituals
“Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy” – Frederick Douglass

12. Task System vs. Gang Labor
Slaves given a specific task & could work on their own when they finished
Slaves divided into specialized gangs & worked from sunrise to sunset

13. Nurse and charge
Slavery did not prevent white children and their slave nurses from forming attachments to each other. (Valentine Museum, Cook Collection)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. Slave Revolts
Most slave resistance is passive (sabotage, malingering, etc) but there are limits
Failing plantation means
no food
slaves are sold
Most famous slave revolt is led by Nat Turner, a preacher.
Slaves rose up and killed at least 55 white men, women and children
Militia responded by killing at least 200 slaves indiscriminately.
South responds with tighter restrictions
-- No more learning to read
-- Also tried to restrict or eliminate free black population

15. A barber shop, Richmond, 1861
Free blacks dominated the barber's trade in Richmond on the eve of the Civil War. As meeting places for men, barber shops supplied newspapers and political discussion. Black barbers were politically informed and prosperous. As was the custom at the time, barbers also performed medical procedures like drawing blood. (Valentine Museum, Cook Collection)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

16. Amistad Case (1839)
53 slaves (led by Joseph Cinque) took over the slave ship Amistad
U.S. seized the ship & slaves were tried for murder
Abolitionists took up their cause & J.Q. Adams defended them.
He convinced Supreme Court to order their release back to Africa.

17. Walker & “Filibustering”
William Walker hired mercenaries & tried to take over parts of Mexico & Central America.
Ruled Nicaragua for a year
Eventually arrested in Honduras & executed
Northerners saw a plot to spread slavery

18. The South is becoming more isolated…
Other western nations abolishing slavery
Abolitionism growing in the North
The North and West are becoming more connected
Instead of changing the South holds on to “the peculiar institution” more tenaciously