1. More about… Ectoparasites
Laboratory Procedures

2. Remember Ectoparasites?

3. Major Classes of Ectoparasites
Arthropods
_________________

4. Insects
___________

5. Lice (______________)
Mallophaga (________________________)
Trichodectes canis (_________________)
Anoplura (_________________________)
Linognathus setosus (_______________)
PEDICULOSIS = infestation w/ lice.

6. Trichodectes canis (Biting louse)
Found as ___________________ in the cat
Cause ______________ hair coat, ____________ and ______________
May act as intermediate host to ____________________________.

7. Trichodectes canis

8. Linognathus setosus (______________ louse of dogs)
Causes ________________, itching, _______________, alopecia, ____________, roughened hair coat
Usually transmitted by ___________________, but all life stages may be transmitted by _______________.
Are _______________________.

10. Ctenocephalides felis (Flea)
Infest dogs and cats
Vector for _________________ caninum, tularemia, plague, etc.
Die at temperatures below ______° F for 48 hours or at temperatures above _________° F for several days
Over ________ species of fleas worldwide
Severe infestations can cause __________.
Tularemia is a bacteria caused by contact with infected animal or bite from infected animal. Symptoms vary, but usually effectively treated with antibiotics.

11. Flea Life Cycle Eggs laid at rate of up to _____ per _____.
After about ___days, larvae hatch and feed on any organic material for __________ days. (Preferred meal is “___________________”)
Before becoming adults, larvae spin a ___________and develop into an adult flea. Adult will remain in _______ until they sense ____________ or increase in _______, causing them to emerge and find their host.
Eggs hatch in 2-14 days Larvae = 6-14 days. Pupae for about 7-10 days but can remain dormant until source of meal is confirmed for months!

12. Life cycles of Ctenocephalides felis

13. Adult flea

14. Flea allergy dermatitis

15. Cuterebra (Rodent Bot Fly larva)
Infests ____________, companion animals and occasionally _____________. (____________)
__________ stage that infests skin
Acts as an irritant
_______________ may be fatal
Have a cutaneous lump with a breathing hole
Use care when extracting as crushing larva may result in ________________.

16. Cuterebra embedded in skin

20. Arachnids (_____________)
Sarcoptes scabiei (______________)
Demodex canis (________________________)
Otodectes cynotis (_______________)
Cheyletiella parasitivorax (___________________)
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (________________)
Dermacentor variabilis (___________________)
Amblyomma americanum (________________)
Ixodes scapularis (____________________)

21. The Mites Sarcoptes scabiei/ Notoedres cati Demodex canis
Otodectes cynotis
Cheyletiella parasitivorax

22. Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)
Found as _________________________ in cats
Causes intense itching, dry and thickened skin.
Is contagious to ____________ and other pets
Mites burrow under the skin so may be difficult to diagnose.
Diagnose through a _________________.
Usually have “ventral blowout”

25. Pinna Pedal response

28. Demodex canis (Demodectic Mange)
Rare in _____________
Causes areas of alopecia on _________, ________, and forelimbs.
Can be ______________ or _______________.
Diagnosed with ______________________. (May also pluck hair from root)
Is not _____________________
Small numbers considered ________________ on skin flora.
Genetic ________________________.

31. Demodex mite “hiding” on a hair pluck

33. Otodectes cynotis (Ear mites)
Intense _____________ of the ear canal.
Can be found on any area of the body.
Not very common in ___________.
Feed on ________________________ and are easily ________________.

36. Otodectes cynotis

37. Cheyletiella parasitivorax (Walking Dander mite)
Causes mild ______________ and _______________.
May cause _________________ in humans
Ingest ____________ debris and tissue fluids
Have enormous _______________ accessory mouthparts
Are __________________________.

42. The Ticks Argasid ticks (_____________)
Otobius megnini (ear tick)
Argas persicus (fowl tick)
Ixodid ticks (________________)
Ixodes scapularis
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Dermacentor variabilis
Amblyomma americanum
Hard-bodied ticks have a hard chitinous plate called the scutum that covers the dorsal surface.

43. One of 7 puppies turned in to Ruffles Rescue
One of 7 puppies turned in to Ruffles Rescue. All were infested w/ ticks. In other pictures, you could see the ticks in ears from distance!

44. After adult females feed, they drop off and lay eggs in protected places like cracks/crevices or under leaves and branches. Larvae only have 6 legs (seed ticks).
Nymph resemble adults and have 8 legs but lack functioning reproductive organs.

45. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick)
Vector for canine _____________and canine __________________________.
May cause __________________ when found in large numbers.
Common in North America and Hawaii, especially ________________ and __________________ states.
_____________ intolerant.

46. Babesia canis

47. Ehrlichia canis
Morulae present in Monocyte

48. Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Male (left)
Female (right)

49. Female R. sanguineus w/ eggs

50. Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick)
Feeds on small mammals but can also feed on ________ and ____________.
Vector for ___________________Fever, ______________, and can cause _______________________ in animals and humans.
May cause Cytauzoon felis in cats.
Dogs/humans
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/Tularemia/Tick paralysis
C. Felis is an often fatal blood parasite in cats.

51. Tick Paralysis

52. Larva/Nymph/Adult Male/Adult Female

53. Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick)
Gets name from white spot on apex of __________
Feeds on ___________ and _____________
May be vector for ____________________________and ____________.
Vector of ________________________________.
Found in US from central ____________through _____________ and along _________Coast.
Life Cycle can take up to _____________ to complete.

54. Amblyomma americanum
Nymph/Male/Female

55. Ixodes scapularis (Deer tick)
Sometimes called “__________________”
Vector for ____________________, ______________________________, and _______________________.
Found in _____states, from ________ -____________; including all midwestern states as far north as ______________.