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More about… Ectoparasites
Laboratory Procedures
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Remember Ectoparasites?
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Major Classes of Ectoparasites
Arthropods _________________
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Insects ___________
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Lice (______________)
Mallophaga (________________________) Trichodectes canis (_________________) Anoplura (_________________________) Linognathus setosus (_______________) PEDICULOSIS = infestation w/ lice.
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Trichodectes canis (Biting louse)
Found as ___________________ in the cat Cause ______________ hair coat, ____________ and ______________ May act as intermediate host to ____________________________.
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Trichodectes canis
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Linognathus setosus (______________ louse of dogs)
Causes ________________, itching, _______________, alopecia, ____________, roughened hair coat Usually transmitted by ___________________, but all life stages may be transmitted by _______________. Are _______________________.
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Ctenocephalides felis (Flea)
Infest dogs and cats Vector for _________________ caninum, tularemia, plague, etc. Die at temperatures below ______° F for 48 hours or at temperatures above _________° F for several days Over ________ species of fleas worldwide Severe infestations can cause __________. Tularemia is a bacteria caused by contact with infected animal or bite from infected animal. Symptoms vary, but usually effectively treated with antibiotics.
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Flea Life Cycle Eggs laid at rate of up to _____ per _____.
After about ___days, larvae hatch and feed on any organic material for __________ days. (Preferred meal is “___________________”) Before becoming adults, larvae spin a ___________and develop into an adult flea. Adult will remain in _______ until they sense ____________ or increase in _______, causing them to emerge and find their host. Eggs hatch in 2-14 days Larvae = 6-14 days. Pupae for about 7-10 days but can remain dormant until source of meal is confirmed for months!
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Life cycles of Ctenocephalides felis
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Adult flea
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Flea allergy dermatitis
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Cuterebra (Rodent Bot Fly larva)
Infests ____________, companion animals and occasionally _____________. (____________) __________ stage that infests skin Acts as an irritant _______________ may be fatal Have a cutaneous lump with a breathing hole Use care when extracting as crushing larva may result in ________________.
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Cuterebra embedded in skin
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Arachnids (_____________)
Sarcoptes scabiei (______________) Demodex canis (________________________) Otodectes cynotis (_______________) Cheyletiella parasitivorax (___________________) Rhipicephalus sanguineus (________________) Dermacentor variabilis (___________________) Amblyomma americanum (________________) Ixodes scapularis (____________________)
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The Mites Sarcoptes scabiei/ Notoedres cati Demodex canis
Otodectes cynotis Cheyletiella parasitivorax
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Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)
Found as _________________________ in cats Causes intense itching, dry and thickened skin. Is contagious to ____________ and other pets Mites burrow under the skin so may be difficult to diagnose. Diagnose through a _________________. Usually have “ventral blowout”
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Pinna Pedal response
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Demodex canis (Demodectic Mange)
Rare in _____________ Causes areas of alopecia on _________, ________, and forelimbs. Can be ______________ or _______________. Diagnosed with ______________________. (May also pluck hair from root) Is not _____________________ Small numbers considered ________________ on skin flora. Genetic ________________________.
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Demodex mite “hiding” on a hair pluck
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Otodectes cynotis (Ear mites)
Intense _____________ of the ear canal. Can be found on any area of the body. Not very common in ___________. Feed on ________________________ and are easily ________________.
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Otodectes cynotis
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Cheyletiella parasitivorax (Walking Dander mite)
Causes mild ______________ and _______________. May cause _________________ in humans Ingest ____________ debris and tissue fluids Have enormous _______________ accessory mouthparts Are __________________________.
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The Ticks Argasid ticks (_____________)
Otobius megnini (ear tick) Argas persicus (fowl tick) Ixodid ticks (________________) Ixodes scapularis Rhipicephalus sanguineus Dermacentor variabilis Amblyomma americanum Hard-bodied ticks have a hard chitinous plate called the scutum that covers the dorsal surface.
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One of 7 puppies turned in to Ruffles Rescue
One of 7 puppies turned in to Ruffles Rescue. All were infested w/ ticks. In other pictures, you could see the ticks in ears from distance!
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After adult females feed, they drop off and lay eggs in protected places like cracks/crevices or under leaves and branches. Larvae only have 6 legs (seed ticks). Nymph resemble adults and have 8 legs but lack functioning reproductive organs.
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick)
Vector for canine _____________and canine __________________________. May cause __________________ when found in large numbers. Common in North America and Hawaii, especially ________________ and __________________ states. _____________ intolerant.
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Babesia canis
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Ehrlichia canis Morulae present in Monocyte
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Male (left) Female (right)
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Female R. sanguineus w/ eggs
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Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick)
Feeds on small mammals but can also feed on ________ and ____________. Vector for ___________________Fever, ______________, and can cause _______________________ in animals and humans. May cause Cytauzoon felis in cats. Dogs/humans Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/Tularemia/Tick paralysis C. Felis is an often fatal blood parasite in cats.
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Tick Paralysis
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Larva/Nymph/Adult Male/Adult Female
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Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick)
Gets name from white spot on apex of __________ Feeds on ___________ and _____________ May be vector for ____________________________and ____________. Vector of ________________________________. Found in US from central ____________through _____________ and along _________Coast. Life Cycle can take up to _____________ to complete.
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Amblyomma americanum Nymph/Male/Female
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Ixodes scapularis (Deer tick)
Sometimes called “__________________” Vector for ____________________, ______________________________, and _______________________. Found in _____states, from ________ -____________; including all midwestern states as far north as ______________.
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