2. Do Now Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. 1. An architect is someone who/which designs building. 2. A vacuum cleaner is something that/whose is used for cleaning carpets. 3. An axe is a tool which/who is used for chopping wood. 4. Simon is the man who/whose car is outside. 5. Claire is the woman whose/who works in my office.

3. Relative Pronoun When we want to describe people or things, we often use adjectives. We can also use clauses which refer back to or relate to the people and things being described (antecedents). These clauses are called relative clauses and are introduced by a relative pronoun. A relative pronoun is a pronoun that links two sentences (clauses) together. Qui, Que, Ce qui, Ce que, Lequel (several forms), duquel (several forms), Dont, Où,

4. Relative Pronouns Qui: Subject; (person) who, what which, that, whom Que: Indirect object (thing) what, which, that Dont: Object of de, indicate possession of which, from which, that, whose Où: Indicate place or time when, where, which, that

5. Qui Qui (who, which, that) is the subject of a relative clause (which means that it will be followed by a verb in the dependent clause). Qui may refer to people, things, or places and follows the format antecedent + subject + verb: C'est la femme qui a gagné. (She's the woman who won.) Antecedent: (adj. )Preceding in time or order; previous or preexisting. (noun) A thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another.

6. Que Que (whom, which, or that) is the direct object of a relative clause (which means that it will be followed by a noun or pronoun). Although frequently omitted in English, the relative pronoun is always expressed in French. Que may refer to people or things and follows the format antecedent + direct object + pronoun: C'est l'homme que j' adore. (He's the man [that] I love.)

7. Ce qui and Ce que Ce qui and ce que The relative pronouns ce qui and ce que are used when no antecedent noun or pronoun is present: Ce qui means what or that which and is the subject of a verb: Je me demande ce qui se passe. (I wonder what is happening.) Ce que means what (that which) and is the object of a verb: Tu sais ce que ça veut dire. (You know what that means.)

8. Lequel Lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles (which or whom) are used as the object of a preposition referring primarily to things. The form of lequel must agree with the Antecedent. Voilà la piscine dans laquelle je nage. There is the pool in which I swim.

9. Lequel and its forms contract with the prepositions à and de auquel à laquelle auxquels auxquelles duquel de laquelle desquels desquelles Ce sont les hommes auxquels elle pense. (Those are the men she is thinking about.) C'est la classe de laquelle je parlais. (That's the class I was talking about.)

10. Dont Dont replaces any person or thing after de: Où est le reçu ? J'ai besoin du reçu. Où est le reçu dont j'ai besoin ? Where is the receipt (that) I need? C'est la dame. J'ai parlé de cette dame. C'est la dame dont j'ai parlé. That's the woman about (whom) I talked. That's the woman [that] / [whom] I talked about.

11. Dont Dont can indicate possession: Voici l'homme. J'ai trouvé la valise de cet homme. Voici l'homme dont j'ai trouvé la valise. That's the man whose suitcase I found. Je cherche le livre. Tu as arraché une page de ce livre. Je cherche le livre dont tu as arraché une page. I'm looking for the book out of which you tore a page, the book (that) you tore a page out of.

12. Dont Dont can refer to part of a group: Il a écrit trois livres. Deux de ses livres sont des best- sellers. Il a écrit trois livres, dont deux sont des best-sellers. He has written three books, two of which are best sellers.

13. Dont - vs - duquel What's the difference between dont and duquel? You need dont when the preposition you're replacing is de by itself. You need duquel when de is part of a prepositional phrase, such as près de, à côté de, en face de, etc.

14. Où You probably already know that as an interrogative pronoun, où means "where," and that it often means "where" as a relative pronoun as well: La boulangerie où j'ai travaillé est à côté de la banque. The bakery where I worked is next to the bank. (The bakery [that] I worked at...) Rouen est la ville où j'habite depuis 5 ans. Rouen is the town where I've lived for 5 years.

15. Où Où can also be used after prepositions. Le pays d'où il vient... The country (where) he's from... Je cherche le village jusqu'où nous avons conduit. I'm looking for the village to which we drove.

16. Où But as a relative pronoun, où has an additional meaning – it refers to the moment in time something happened: "when. You may want to use the interrogative quand here. You can't, because quand is not a relative pronoun. You must use the relative pronoun où. Lundi, c'est le jour où nous faisons les achats Monday is the day (that) we do our shopping. Le moment où nous sommes arrivés... The moment (that) we arrived...

17. Handout