1. Rocks Vs. Minerals Many colors Many crystal shapes Many ingredients
Made of many compounds
Mostly one color
Repeat same crystal shape
All the same stuff- made of one compound

2. Non-mineral rocks? Coal- made of compacted plant material
Limestone- organic calcium carbonate from shells
Coquina- made of cemented shells
Amber- hardened plant resin

3. Characteristics of Minerals

4. Mineral Characteristics
Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Solid
Crystalline (has a repeating arrangement of atoms)
Specific chemical composition

5. Naturally Occurring
Minerals are made by processes that occur in or on Earth.
Mineral are NOT man made

6. Formed by Evaporation
Salt does this

7. Formed by Cooling Magma
You could compare this to poured sugar

8. Formed by Precipitation
Geodes
Stalactites and Stalagmites
Rock candy

9. Inorganic
Not organic
Organic substances are made by living creatures and include proteins, carbohydrates, and oils
We will talk about exceptions to this later.

10. Crystalline Structure
Crystal - a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a regular repeating pattern.

11. Crystalline Structures

12. Chemical Composition 98.5% of Earth’s crust is made of: oxygen silicon
aluminum
iron
calcium
sodium
potassium
magnesium

13. Families of Minerals
Silicates- biggest group, makes up 90% of all igneous rock minerals. Over 50% of Earths Crust is made of Silicon and Oxygen.
Other mineral families
Oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfides, sulfates, nature elements

14. Chemical Composition All minerals have a specific chemical composition
silver=only silver atoms
diamonds=only carbon atoms
halite = salt = NaCl
Quartz = SiO2

15. Most Rocks are made of Minerals!!!!!

16. Non-mineral rocks? Coal- made of compacted plant material
Limestone- organic calcium carbonate from shells
Coquina- made of cemented shells
Amber- hardened plant resin

17. Physical Properties of Minerals

18. Physical Properties of Minerals
Color
Streak
Luster
Density
Cleavage
Fracture
Hardness

19. Color
The color a mineral. This can be misleading.

20. Streak The color of the mineral’s powder.
It is sometimes different from the color of the sample, but most forms of the mineral have the same streak color.

21. Luster
Shininess or lack of shininess

22. Density mass per volume
usually reported in “specific gravity,” which is density compared with water

23. Cleavage
Tendency to break along planes of weakness in a predictable way

24. Fracture
Tendency of a mineral to break randomly, without cleavage. A mineral either has cleavage or fracture. Not both.

25. Hardness
what minerals it can scratch and what minerals can scratch it.

26. How it works
If the mineral gets scratched, it is softer than the substance you used.
If the mineral scratches the substance, it is harder than the substance you used.
What it tells you is how strong the bonds are between atoms in the mineral.

27. Mohs Hardness Scale

28. Other characteristics
Smell- sulfide minerals like pyrite smell like rotten eggs
Taste- halite is salty
Magnetism- magnetite is attracted to a magnet
Reacts with acid- limestone fizzes