1. Christoph Diasio, MD, FAAP Sandhills Pediatrics
Why Immunize?
Christoph Diasio, MD, FAAP
Sandhills Pediatrics

2. Diptheria Caused by bacteria which produces a toxin
Kills 1 in 10 infected with it
Prior to vaccine 206,000/yr
Now- 1 case last yr.
Epidemics in the former USSR due to collapse of public health

3. Pseudo-membrane

4. Bullneck diptheria

5. Tetanus (lockjaw)
Caused by bacteria entering body through a cut or puncture
Causes severe muscle spasms
Death in 30%
Neonatal tetanus from contaminated umbilical cord (prevent by immunize mom and clean cord clamp)

6. Tetanus muscle spasms

7. Neonatal tetanus

8. Sardonic grin

9. Pertussis (whooping cough)
Caused by bacteria leading to prolonged coughing
Can lead to seizures, pneumonia and death
Prior to vaccine, 150,000 to 260,000 cases/yr. with 9,000 deaths
Now 10 deaths/yr.

10. Pertussis Cont’d
In 1970’s concern about side effects in England of DTP decreased vaccine usage leading to 100,000 cases and 36 deaths
DTaP (acellular vaccine) now in use due to DTP side effects

12. Pertussis video

13. Polio Caused by virus spread fecal-oral Caused paralysis and death
13,000-20,000 cases per year prior to vaccine era
Switch from oral to injected polio vaccine due to 1 case VAPP/2.4 million doses

14. Polio Ward LA 1952

15. 1942 March of Dimes Billboard

16. Post polio deformity

17. Polio survivor, the Philippines

18. Measles Caused by a virus
Leads to a rash with possible pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and death
Death in 1-3/1000
“count your children after the measles has passed”- Arabic proverb

19. Measles continued
Study of Colorado immunization exemptors showed they were 22x more likely to get measles

21. 4-5 days into illness

23. Mumps Caused by virus with swelling of salivary glands
Leads to potential brain damage, deafness and sterility in men
Used to be 212,000 cases/yr.
Last yr. 327 cases/yr.

25. Rubella (german measles)
Caused by virus
Very dangerous to unborn babies- heart disease, deafness, blindness and MR
Prior to vaccine 20,000 cases CRS
Now- only 6 last year

26. Congenital Rubella Syndrome

27. CRS cataracts

29. Hib (Haemophilus influenza type B)
Caused by bacteria
Caused bacterial meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, epiglottitis
20,000 cases per year- now 10/yr.
Used to infect 1/200 US kids < 5yo
See TN shot refuser article

30. Hib cheek cellulitis

31. Culture-proven Hib foot cellulitis

32. Hepatitis B Caused by virus
Causes range of disease from no symptoms to liver failure and cancer
Most people with chronic disease infected as children
About 5,000 persons will die each year from hepatitis B-related liver disease

33. Woman from Cambodian refugee camp with liver cancer from Hep B

34. Varicella (chickenpox)
Caused by virus
Itchy rash with sores
Pre-vaccine, 4 million cases with 100 deaths/yr
Superinfection with bacteria can be deadly
67% kids now immunized

36. Congenital VZV

37. Superinfected VZV

38. Pneumococcal disease Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Currently most common cause of OM (ear infections) and invasive bacterial infection
16,500 cases invasive disease/yr., with 700 cases of meningitis/yr. and 200 deaths/yr.
Prevnar (PCV7) introduced 1999

39. Pneumococcal meningitis

40. Influenza Spreads person to person through cough/sneeze
Abrupt onset high fever, body aches, headaches, nonproductive cough, sore throat, runny nose (also vomiting in kids)
Flu related deaths can be from pneumonia and worsening of underlying conditions

41. Influenza Intense media coverage Dec 2003
Recommended for otherwise healthy children 6 mo to 18 yo during flu season
Also- 65 yo and older
Chronic problems- Cancer, HIV, asthma
At least 3 mo pregnant during Nov-March
AND Household contacts!

43. Summary
Vaccinating our children is one of the best things we can ever do for them
These bad, scary diseases still circulate
We are on your side!!
Sources- Immunization Action Coalition, CDC