1. Chapter 4 Notes
Cell Reproduction 1

2. Mitosis – when the nucleus of a cell divides to form 2 identical cells.
Mitosis clip

3. Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA
Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA. Centromere – holds chromosomes together.

4. 5 Phases in Mitosis
1. Interphase – nucleus can be seen, chromosomes duplicating themselves.

5. 2. Prophase – chromosome pairs are visible, centrioles move to opposite ends.

6. 3. Metaphase – chromosome pairs line up across center and attach to spindle fibers.

7. 4. Anaphase – strands of chromosomes pulled apart and move to opposite ends of each other.

8. 5. Telophase – The cytoplasm of both cells begins to separate.
Mitosis clip

9. Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

10. Diploid – cell that has 46 chromosomes (body cells)
Haploid – cell that has 23 chromosomes
(sex cells)
Zygote – when egg and sperm combine (start of life)
Zygote Development
Stages of embryo
Zygote

11. Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells.
Meiosis clip
Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells.

12. 4 Phases in Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I

13. 4 Phases in Meiosis II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II
Telophase II

14. Asexual Reproduction – new organisms are produced by one parent.
Video asexual reproduction

15. 3 Kinds of Asexual Reproduction
1. Fission – division of organism into equal parts.

16. 2. Budding – new organism grows from the parent.
Hydra Budding

17. 3. Regeneration- making new body parts.
Video :23
3. Regeneration- making new body parts.
Starfish

18. DNA

19. DNA

20. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid

21. Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover DNA.
Video stop at 2:37
Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover DNA.
The 1st DNA model was made by Watson and Crick.
DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

23. Genes
A section of DNA on chromosomes.

26. How DNA Copies Itself
Step 1: enzyme breaks the nitrogen bases. 2 strands separate
Step 2: bases pair up with new bases
Step 3: sugar and phosphate form the sides of DNA.

27. Bad Mutation
Unusual Bad Mutations

28. Good Mutation

29. Brain Pop: DNA
Mutation – any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.