1. North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 149-171)

2. DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
ANGLO-AMERICAN LABEL
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
CHRISTIAN FAITHS
EUROPEAN NORMS
GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS
HIGHLY URBANIZED
MOBILE POPULATIONS
HIGH INCOMES
MANUFACTURING OUTPUT
FEDERAL STATES WITH PLURAL SOCIETIES

3. PHYSIOGRAPHIC
REGIONS

4. CULTURAL DIFFUSION - CIRCA 1820
New England
Mid-Atlantic
Pennsylvania
Tidewater Maryland/
Virginia
Frontier Zones by 1810
Hearth Areas (Pre-1725)
Secondary Areas ( )
Tertiary Areas ( )

5. SHIFT IN THE US MEAN CENTER OF POPULATION: EVIDENCE OF MIGRATION DECISIONS
1754
1860
1920
1990
1820
1980
1790

6. THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980
South/East
Europe
10000
Germany
Scandinavia
8000
Latin America
Asia
British
Isles
6000
Immigration in 1000s
4000
2000
1820
1840
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
Push Factors Pull Factors
+1840s: Irish Potato Famine +Economic Opportunity
: Overpopulation, War +Political/Religious Freedom
+Recent: Overpopulation, War, Oppression +Land Availability

7. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

8. ETHNIC PATTERNS

9. URBAN GEOGRAPHY
CONCERNED WITH THE SPATIAL ASPECTS OF CITIES AND URBAN NETWORKS
4 MAJOR THEMES
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CITIES
INTERURBAN GEOGRAPHY
INTRAURBAN GEOGRAPHY
URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY
PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING
3 KEY MODELS
BORCHERT; ADAMS; VANCE

10. BORCHERT’S MODEL (METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION)
GENERALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL GROWTH OF THE US URBAN SYSTEM
BASED ON KEY CHANGES IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
OCCURRED IN 5 STAGES
Sail-Wagon Epoch ( )
Iron Horse Epoch ( )
Steel-Rail Epoch ( )
Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch ( )
Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch (1970-?)

11. ADAM’S MODEL FOCUSED ON INTRAURBAN GROWTH
BASED ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
A PATTERN OF OUTWARD-AREAL EXPANSION
OCCURRED IN 4 STAGES
<1888- WALKING-HORSECAR ERA
ELECTRIC STREETCAR ERA
RECREATIONAL AUTO ERA
1945-PRESENT- FREEWAY ERA

12. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
Expressways 1

13. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
Expressways 1

14. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads
Arterial Highways 2
Expressways 1
1880

15. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads
Arterial Highways 2
Expressways 1
1880

16. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads
Arterial Highways 3 3 2
Expressways 1
1880
1920

17. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads
Arterial Highways 3 3 2
Expressways 1
1880
1920

18. ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Electric Streetcars,
commuter railroads 4
Arterial Highways 3 2
Expressways 1
1880
1920
1940
1990s

19. URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES MICROSCALE (Intraurban)
James Vance defines a new tributary area; URBAN REALMS
Single urban structure of the past is transformed into a multicentered model in which several outlying activity concentrations rival the Central Business District (CBD)

20. IDEAL FORM OF MULTICENTERED URBAN REALMS MODEL

21. SPATIAL ECONOMY (COMPONENTS)
ACTIVITIES OR SECTORS
Primary (Raw Materials)
Secondary (Manufacturing)
Tertiary (Services)
Quaternary (Information)
Quinary (Management)

22. Agriculture in the US
A Macro Von Thünen Model

23. INDUSTRIAL LOCATION FACTORS
Remember…
Alfred Weber?
Location of raw materials
Labor availability
Energy availability
Location of market
Transportation
Relative importance of factors change
INDIVIDUAL SECTORS
NATURE OF THE ECONOMY

24. NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING BELT

25. North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 149-171)