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From Opium to Heroin
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Papaver Somniferum Seed pot
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Papaver Somniferum Opium collection Seed pot
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Opium contains: Opium collection Seed pot Papaver Somniferum Morphine
Codeine Seed pot
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Laudanum (alcohol + opium)
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Laudanum (alcohol + opium)
Widely used Even used in infants
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Innovations in the 1800s
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Innovations in the 1800s Morphine isolated from opium
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Innovations in the 1800s Morphine isolated from opium
Hypodermic needle invented
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Soldiers received IV morphine during civil war
Many became addicted Soldiers received IV morphine during civil war
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Civilians using Laudanum
Many became addicted Soldiers received IV morphine during civil war Civilians using Laudanum
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Detoxification (not enough) Substitution treatment Heroin
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Detoxification (not enough) Substitution treatment Heroin
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More potent than morphine
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More potent than morphine Crosses the BBB more rapidly
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More potent than morphine Crosses the BBB more rapidly
Converted to morphine
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Initially marketed as sedative and cough suppressant
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Heroin became the de facto opioid of choice
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70’s and 80’s Heroin became the de facto opioid of choice
Criminal convictions HIV, HCV Comorbid psychiatric disorders Heroin became the de facto opioid of choice
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Black tar heroin National Institute on Drug Abuse. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse, in Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, January Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 66.
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Powder heroin Black tar heroin
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse, in Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, January Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 66.
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Heroin: routes of administration
Injection Intravenous Intramuscular Subcutaneous (“skin popping”) Intranasal Smoked
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Heroin: routes of administration
Inhaled vapors “Chasing the dragon” Injection Intravenous Intramuscular Subcutaneous (“skin popping”) Intranasal Smoked
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Commonly abused opioids
1970s and 1980s: Heroin Today: Prescription opioids
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Opioid addiction develops very quickly
Initial use Treatment required Alcohol Years, decades
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Opioid addiction develops very quickly
Initial use Treatment required Alcohol Years, decades Opioids Months Initial use Treatment required
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Summary: Key Points Heroin: first tried as substitution treatment
1970s and 1980s: heroin was the most commonly misused opioid Early 1990s-today: prescription opioids became the drugs of choice Heroin administration: IV, IM, SC, intranasal or smoked Opioid addiction can develop very fast (sometimes in months)
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Summary: Key Points Heroin: first tried as substitution treatment
1970s and 1980s: heroin was the most commonly misused opioid Early 1990s-today: prescription opioids became the drugs of choice Heroin administration: IV, IM, SC, intranasal or smoked Opioid addiction can develop very fast (sometimes in months)
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Summary: Key Points Heroin: first tried as substitution treatment
1970s and 1980s: heroin was the most commonly misused opioid Early 1990s-today: prescription opioids became the drugs of choice Heroin administration: IV, IM, SC, intranasal or smoked Opioid addiction can develop very fast (sometimes in months)
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Summary: Key Points Heroin: first tried as substitution treatment
1970s and 1980s: heroin was the most commonly misused opioid Early 1990s-today: prescription opioids became the drugs of choice Heroin administration: IV, IM, SC, intranasal or smoked Opioid addiction can develop very fast (sometimes in months)
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Summary: Key Points Heroin: first tried as substitution treatment
1970s and 1980s: heroin was the most commonly misused opioid Early 1990s-today: prescription opioids became the drugs of choice Heroin administration: IV, IM, SC, intranasal or smoked Opioid addiction can develop very quickly (sometimes in months)
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