1. Structure and Property of Matter

2. States of Matter--Review
Remember 2 things about states of matter:
…shape and ….. Volume
Kinetic energy of the particles
3 States of Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases

3. Solids Solids have a definite volume and a definite shape.
Particles in a solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.
Not much KE.

4. Liquids Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite shape.
Particles in a liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
Increased KE.

5. Gases Gases have neither a definite volume or a definite shape.
Particles in a gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
Most KE.

6. Kinetic Energy of Solids, Liquids, and Gases:
Click Here to Examine!!

7. Which phase of matter has the most kinetic energy in its particles?
Solids
Liquids
Gases

8. Which phase of matter has the least kinetic energy in its particles?
Solids
Liquids
Gases

9. Which phase of matter has a definite volume, but no definite shape?
Solids
Liquids
Gases

10. Which phase of matter has the a definite volume and a definite shape?
Solids
Liquids
Gases

11. Which phase of matter does not have a definite volume or a definite shape?
Solids
Liquids
Gases

12. Behavior of Gases Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law
The behavior of gases is dependent upon several variables:
These factors are described in the Gas Laws:
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law

13. Pressure Pressure is force per unit area.
Unit is either Pascals(Pa) or atmospheres(atm)
“Why is it that if you step on a nail, it will go right through your foot, but this guy is able to lay on a bed of nails?”

14. Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
Unit is either oF, oC or Kelvin(K)

15. Volume
Amount of space occupied by a substance.

16. Boyle’s Law states that with a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas vary inversely.
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
As pressure decreases, volume increases.
Boyle’s Law

17. Charles’ Law states that with a constant pressure, the temperature and volume of a gas vary directly.
As the temperature increases, the volume increases.
As the temperature decreases, the volume decreases.
Charles’ Law

18. PTV lever
Boyle’s law—involves pressure and volume(temperature constant)
Charles’ law—involves temperature and volume(pressure constant)
PTV lever can always be used to check yourself when using Boyle’s and Charles law!!!

19. Other laws that govern all fluids:
Bernoulli’s Principle
Pascal’s Law
Archimedes's Principle

20. Bernoulli’s Principle
As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases.
Naturally, things move toward areas of low pressure!!
It’s why plane’s fly!!

21. Airplane Wing

23. Pascal’s Law
The pressure exerted on a fluid is transmitted evenly throughout the fluid.

24. Pascal’s Law as applied to hydraulics:

25. Hydraulic Jack

26. Archimedes's Principle
The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
If the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object, the object floats.
If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object, the object sinks.

27. Archimedes’s Principle(cont)
If the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object, the object floats.
If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object, the object sinks.

28. Archimedes’s Principle(cont)
It’s why boats float.
Volume of irregularly shaped objects.