1. Periodic Table odd

2. Metals usually shiny very dense melt at high temperatures
Malleable (made into thin
sheets)
Ductile (pulled into wires)
corrode, gradually wearing away, like rusting iron.
Heat and electricity travel easily through metals (flagpole during a thunderstorm!)

3. Non-metals surface is dull don’t conduct heat and electricity.
low density
melt at low
temperatures.
shape of nonmetals cannot be changed easily because they are brittle and will break.

4. Metalloids Properties of metals and non-metals
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

5. Alkali Metals (IA) Very Reactive (do not occur freely in nature)
Combine with non-metals
Explode if water contact
Soft (cut with butter knife)
Valence electrons?
Uses:
Na (Table Salt)
Li (Batteries Medication)
K (mineral)
Cs (cesium…remove traces of
air from vacuum tubes)
Fr (francium…
discovered in France…
produced by artificially bombarding thorium with protons
Occurs naturally in uranium minerals
Less than an ounce of francium at any time in crust of the earth

6. Alkaline Earth Metals (IIA)
Usually found in Earth’ crust
Very Reactive
(do not occur freely in nature)
Combine with non-metals
Valence electrons?
Ca and Mg (important
nutrients)

7. Transition Metals Very Hard High Melting and boiling Points
Malleable and Ductile
valence shell electrons
(3d10 4s2), (4d10 5s2)
S and D close in energy
Can pull from S and D shells
Ex: Ag, W

8. Lanthanides
Several of the lanthanides form during the fission of uranium and plutonium.
used as catalysts in the production of petroleum and synthetic products.
(Ex: cerium, promethium, Terbium, Thulium)

9. Actinides All are radioactive (spontaneously emit radiation)
The metals tarnish readily in air.
Very dense metals
They react with boiling water or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas.
Element
Year
Method
Neptunium
1940
Bombarding 238U by neutrons
Plutonium
1941
Bombarding 238U by deuterons
Americium
1944
Bombarding 239Pu by neutrons
Curium
Bombarding 239Pu by α-particles
Berkelium
1949
Bombarding 241Am by α-particles
Californium
1950
Bombarding 242Cm by α-particles
Einsteinium
1952
As a product of nuclear explosion
Fermium
Mendelevium
1955
Bombarding 253Es by α-particles
Nobelium
1965
Bombarding 243Am by 15N or 238U with α-particles
Lawrencium
1961–1971
Bombarding 252Cf by 10B or 11B and of 243Am with 18O

10. Halogens High reactive with alkali metals
Combine with metals to make more stable
How many valence electrons?
F- fluorine; added to toothpaste
Cl- Chlorine; water purification
Br- insecticides; fire extinguishers
As- astatine; (radioactive tracer in cancer)
Chlorine
Bromine

11. Noble Gasses How many valence electrons? Fairly nonreactive
Complete valence shell
Low boiling points
(all gases at room
temperature)

12. Diatomic Molecules H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
A molecule that naturally occurs and consists of two atoms of the same element
In this form it is very stable
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
(magnificent 7)