2. What is Matter? Matter = anything that takes up space and has mass
Matter is either a substance or a mixture
Substance - all particles in matter are identical (fixed composition)
Mixture – two or more substances physically combined (variable composition)

3. Two Types of Substances
Element: simplest form of matter from which more complex substances are made (listed on the Periodic Table)
all the atoms that make up an element are alike
Ex. Helium
Balloons are filled with the element Helium, thus the balloons pictured.

4. Elements – a molecular look
Elements can exist like:
Helium, Argon, and Neon that are stable as an individual atom
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen that are stable as two atoms of themselves bonded together (O2, N2, H2)

5. Two Types of Substances
Ex. NaCl
(Table Salt)
Compound: two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Can be broken down, but only by chemical reactions
Have properties different than the elements that make them up
Ex. H2O
(Water)
Ex. C6H12O6
(Sugar)

6. Substances – a molecular look
The difference between an element and a compound: Element: just 1 substance; the simplest form Ex. Oxygen (O2) Compound: 2 or more elements chemically combined Ex. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

7. Two Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous: components are evenly distributed out on a microscopic level
Solutions (when one substance is dissolved into another) are homogeneous mixtures
Usually appears “blended”
Ex. Bleach, Lemonade, Blood, Coffee
Make sure they know solutions don’t always have to be a solid (solute) dissolved in a liquid (solvent)
Ex. Air, alloys like bronze, etc.

8. Two Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous: substances in the mixture are not evenly spread out
Different components are easy to see, or separate out over time
Ex. Salad dressing, paint, cereal, peanut butter

9. Mixtures – a molecular look
The difference between a homogeneous vs. a heterogeneous mixture:
Homogeneous: even distribution; “same” Ex. Salt water
Heterogeneous: uneven distribution; “different” Ex. Salad dressing

10. Classifying Matter Flow Chart
Fixed proportion
Physically combined
On the PT
Chemically combined
Different
Same