1. Endocrine system: Pituitary hormones

2. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

3. Endocrinology Pituitary hormones Gonadal hormones
Adrenocorticosteroids
Thyroid hormones
Insulin

4. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland

5. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland

6. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

7. The pituitary gland

8. Hypothalamic hormones
GHRH: Several large peptides with GHRH activity. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone levels
SRIH / Somatostatin: Inhibits release of growth hormones, thyrotropin, glucagon, insulin and gastrin. Short action duration
TRH: Stimulates the release of thyrotropin (TSH)
CRH: Stimulates secretion of both ACTH and beta-endorphin
GnRH/LHRH: Stimulate gonadotropin release
PIH, dopamine: Inhibitor of prolactin release

9. Anterior pituitary hormones
GH (somatotropin)
TSH: Increases iodine uptake and production of thyroid hormones in thyroid cells
ACTH
FSH: Glycoprotein that stimulates gametogenesis and follicle development in women, and spermatogenesis in men
LH: Major stimulant of gonadal steroid production. Regulates follicular development and ovulation in women
Prolactin: Lactation

10. Posterior pituitary hormones
Oxytocin: Synthesized in hypothalamus and transported through cell axons to the posterior pituitary. Stimulant of uterine contraction (labor) and lactation
Vasopressin/ADH: Synthesized in hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary. Acts on V2 receptors to increase synthesis of water channels, resulting in increased water reabsorption. VP also causes smooth muscle contraction

11. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

12. The pituitary gland

13. Pituitary hormones and their targets

14. Clinically important pituitary hormones
Drug
Source
Action
Clinical use
SOMATREM
Recombinant DNA GH
Pituitary deficiency Growth failure
OCTREOTIDE
Recombinant DNA
Somatostatin
Acromegaly Excess pituitary activity
COSYNTROPIN
Recombinant DNA
ACTH
Corticosteroid substitute Diagnosis of adrenal failure Infant spasms
LEUPROLIDE GOSERELIN
Recombinant DNA
GnRH
Gonadal dysfunction
Cancer
UROFOLLITROPIN
Human postmenopausal urine
~FSH
Infertility
hCG
Human pregnant urine
~LH
Infertility Cryptorchidism
MENOTROPIN (hMG)
Human postmenopausal urine
~FSH+LH
Infertility
BROMOCRIPTINE
Ergot alkaloid
~Dopamine
Excess lactation Pituitary tumors
DESMOPRESSIN
Substituted vasopressin
Vasopressin
Diabetes insipidus
Postoperative abdominal distree
PITOCIN
Recombinant DNA
Oxytocin
Induction of labor Postpartum bleeding

15. Clinically important pituitary hormones
Drug
Action
Adverse effects
SOMATREM GH
Antibodies to GH (do not interfere with activity)
OCTREOTIDE
Somatostatin
COSYNTROPIN
ACTH
Allergic responses Corticosteroid excess
LEUPROLIDE GOSERELIN
GnRH
UROFOLLITROPIN
~FSH
Allergic reactions Arterial embolism hemoperitoneum ovarian hyperstimulation Gynecomastia (males)
hCG
~LH
MENOTROPIN (hMG)
~FSH+LH
BROMOCRIPTINE
~Dopamine
Pituitary tumors
DESMOPRESSIN
Vasopressin
GI distress, tremor, sweating, allergies (urticaria), asthma
PITOCIN
Oxytocin
Water intoxication, uterine spasms and rupture, postpartum bleeding, Fetal effects