1. LESSON 1: THINKING LIKE A SCIENTIST
PART II
When you see Mr. Pencil, you need to write something down in your notes!

2. peer-reviewed evidence and observation.
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What are the Big Ideas in Science?
LAWS – “Rules of the Universe”
THEORIES – Explanations based upon
peer-reviewed evidence and observation.

3. LAWS SCIENTIFIC LAWS GOVERNMENT LAWS
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LAWS
SCIENTIFIC LAWS
GOVERNMENT LAWS
Details how the Universe works. Not breakable, no matter how hard you try.
Details what the country, state, or city will legally allow you to do.
Both provide instructions on how things should work.
You can break government laws, but you might get caught!

4. What are some Laws? GRAVITY – On Earth, objects accelerate
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What are some Laws?
GRAVITY – On Earth, objects accelerate
Towards the ground at 9.8 m/s2.
THERMODYNAMICS – Heat always moves from
hot places to cold places, until it’s balanced.
SUPERPOSITION – Rock layers are always older
on the bottom, younger on top.

5. THEORIES SCIENTIFIC USAGE OF THEORY EVERYDAY USAGE OF THEORY
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THEORIES
SCIENTIFIC USAGE OF THEORY
EVERYDAY USAGE OF THEORY
Means someone has an idea… whether they can back it up or not.
Gives an explanation that’s based upon lots of evidence/ observations that have been peer-reviewed.
Both deal with ideas and explanations.
WELL, THAT’S JUST A THEORY!
Critics of science like to confuse people on the scientific meaning of the word “theory”.

6. Cells come from cells, and cells are
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What are some Theories?
GRAVITY – All objects that have mass are attracted
to one another.
EVOLUTION – The process that changes
populations over time.
CELLS – all living things are made of cells,
Cells come from cells, and cells are
the basic unit of life.

7. Theories do NOT become Laws
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Theories do NOT become Laws
Theories can change if new evidence is found and supported by the scientific community!
Theories in science are NOT “just a theory”.

8. Advancements in atomic models proved the atomic theory was accurate.
Which statement best summarizes the development of atomic theory over time?
The discovery of new evidence resulted in changes to the atomic theory.
Advancements in atomic models proved the atomic theory was accurate.
The atomic theory was modified with the discovery of every new element.
Changes in the atomic models showed that the atomic theory was based on opinion.
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9. What is not Science? Have Evidence! Get Peer-Reviewed!
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What is not Science?
Science is limited in its pursuit of knowledge. To do good science, recall that you need to:
So what happens when a person’s ideas or beliefs are not backed with evidence and peer-review?
Have Evidence!
Get Peer-Reviewed!

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What About Proof?
Science also never proves anything… it only works on what evidence is available. Since humans are learning new things about our universe all the time, scientific ideas change from time to time.
Check out how our understanding of the Solar System has changed over time!