1. ESCAPE from FREERIDERS
Today is the FIRST day in Europe.
(in each slide)
Title → SUMMARY → read out → MOVE.
Jun Kobayashi (U of Chicago)
Hirokuni Ooura (Teikyo U)
Hideki Ishihara (Rikkyo U)
August 21, 2003
Marstrand, Sweden

2. COOPERATION in Dilemmas…
1 QUESTION
In MODERN SOCIETIES…
We can CHANGE PARTNERS.
Divorce, Move, Change Job, Immigration.
COOPERATION in Dilemmas…
when CHANGE PARTNERS?
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.

3. ESCAPE  COOPERATION.
2 THEORY
SELECTIVE INTERACTION (Dawes),
ESCAPING (Hayashi).
Prediction…
ESCAPE  COOPERATION.
But NOT SELF-EVIDENT…
b/c Defectors FOLLOW.
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE. C D

4. Earn MORE than DEFECTORS.
3 HYPOTHESES
"ESCAPING TIT-for-TAT"…
TIT-for-TAT in a Group,
EXIT when DEFECTED,
Cooperate in NEW Group. H1
SOME play "Escaping TFT." H2
Earn MORE than DEFECTORS.
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.

5. 4 EXPERIMENT WEB-BASED. Repeat S.D. Game in a GROUP,
MOVE to Anther Group, No COST.
ANONYMOUS.
15-20 Subjects (students).
20-40 Games, 3-6 Moves.
6 Sessions, 111 Subjects.
2 Universities in Japan, Nov
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.

6. My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.

7. 5 GAME Work at one of 4 FIRMS. If D (Work LAZILY), PAYOFF…
# Cooperators
# Workers in Firm
If C (Work HARD), PAYOFF…
D's Payoff － 2.
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.
Defection
# Cooperators
Payoff
Cooperation

8. EACH MONTH Your CHOICE, PAYOFF Each FIRM's PAYOFF, #Workers
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.
HOW to WORK?

9. EVERY 6 MONTHS History of Each FIRM's PAYOFF, #Workers
Each FIRM's AVERAGE PAYOFF
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.
WHERE to WORK?

10. 6 RESULT C .40 .24 Move .54 Payoff .80 .38 6 Sessions 111 Subjects
Mean SD C
.40
.24
Move
.54
Payoff
.80
.38
6 Sessions
111 Subjects
-2 < Payoff < 4
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.

11. 7 ESCAPING TFT? →YES! 27% move TFT 30 10 8 48 All C 1 4 6 All D 7 3 2
behav.
ESCAPE
FIXED
RANDOM
total
TFT 30 10 8 48
All C 1 4 6
All D 7 3 2 12 5 27
Other 18 58 35
111
27%
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.
→YES!

12. 8 BETTER? →NO! move TFT 0.77 0.90 0.80 All C 0.09 0.66 1.01 0.62 All D
behav.
ESCAPE
FIXED
RANDOM
total
TFT
0.77
0.90
0.80
All C
0.09
0.66
1.01
0.62
All D
0.91
0.87
1.39
0.98
0.83
0.68
0.88
0.79
Other
0.74
0.25
0.84
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.
→NO!

13. 9 CONCLUSION COOPERATION by ESCAPING? Something MORE.
Theory… MOVING COST.
Test… More Experiments / Surveys.
My basic interest is in problems of SOCIAL CHOICE.