1. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

2. Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

3. Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Dispute over Manchuria with Japan
Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

4. Bloody Sunday (1905)

5. WWI Russia’s participation in WWI Large, but poorly equipped/led army
Infrastructure of Russia broke down
Famines, labor riots, etc.

7. Rasputin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4MWT9H1wE
Even more blindly committed to autocracy than her husband
She was under the influence of Rasputin
Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy
Rasputin

8. The Bolsheviks Small Marxist group Wanted to change life in Russia
Communist
Wanted to change life in Russia
Leader = Vladimir Lenin
Goal = overthrow czar
Vladimir Lenin  wanted to establish a Communist social system, “in which there would be no economic classes & no private property

9. The Bolsheviks
If czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia.
Leninism

10. March Revolution March 8, 1917  Petrograd, Russia
Capital at the Time
Unhappy citizens marched
The Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II
Petrograd was the capital at the time
citizens marched in Petrograd
the police & soldier disobeyed orders to shoot the rioters
Nicholas II ordered Duma to disband, but they disobeyed
Nicholas II’s family was murdered by ??

11. March Revolution March 1917 (February Revolution)
Women, soldiers and workers united to force Czar Nicholas II to abdicate

12. Provisional Government (Duma)
Duma established temporary government
Aleksandr Kerensky was leader
Unpopular
Stayed in WWI
Bolsheviks wanted basic changes
Lenin was still leader
Kerensky’s government wanted to continue fighting against the Central Powers
many Russians disliked this because it was a big burden on the country
Lenin returned to Russia in April 1917  he had been out of the country because of his revolutionary ideas
Germany helped Lenin return because they hoped he would stir up Russia & weaken their effort in the war

14. Bolshevik /October Revolution
Mid-1917  Kerensky’s government still fighting Central Powers in WWI
Russian army was weak & collapsed
November 1917  Bolshevik Red Guard attacked Kerensky’s government
Red Guard was made up of Bolshevik factory workers

15. Bolshevik Revolution
Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight
Lenin established radical communist program (Leninism)
private ownership = illegal
land redistributed to peasants
nearly bloodless struggle
Private ownership of land, livestock, factories, etc. was illegal

16. Bucket Review
The czar was overthrown and replaced by _______________ during the ____________ revolution.
The _____________ was overthrown and replaced by the _____________ during the _____________ revolution.
Who was Lenin?

17. After the Revolution Lenin wanted to end involvement in war
Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers
Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military
Trotsky was a top Bolshevik official

18. VS

19. Civil War Some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results
Opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army or Mensheviks
army leaders
political opponents
wealthy Russians
*France & United States supported White Army
they didn’t like losing land/power/wealth
France & US supported Whites, probably because they feared the increasing power of a communist system
**Why might wealthy Russians dislike a communist system?
**Remember, a communist system gathers all resources & redistributes them equally

20. Civil War Ends Red Army vs. White Army Late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph
fighting & famine cost millions of lives
Late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph
1921  New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity
Red Army = Bolsheviks/communists
White Army = opponents
Lenin established a New Economic Policy
 effected farmers especially (encouraged food production)
 helped restore economy
**What do you think about that? A communist country using a capitalist plan to get back on its feet & then disregarding it? What does it say about communism? Does it say that communism isn’t a good enough plan, if it can’t start from scratch?

21. The Soviet Union
1922  Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire
Became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union
Soviet Union will remain until 1991

22. The Stalin Revolution
1924, Joseph Stalin took control of Communists after Lenin’s death
Humble origins
Surrounded by supporters
Absolute dictator/Totalitarianism
Focused on industrialization
Not consumer goods
To increase militaristic power of Russia

23. The Stalin Revolution Five-Year Plan (1927 – 1932)
Rapid industrialization in field of electricity and heavy industry (iron, steel, coal, etc.)
Created factory districts and filled them with laborers who were given strict output quotas
Resembled war-time economy
Dissenters were sent to gulags (labor camps)
2nd Five Year Plan (1933 – 1938)
After Hitler took control in Germany, Stalin shifted focus of industry directly to arms production

27. The Stalin Revolution Collectivization of Agriculture
Consolidated private farms into vast collectives
Farmers given strict output quotas
Used propaganda to promote the system
Resisted by kulaks (landowners)
Terminated or forced into slavery
Numerous famines ensued

28. The Stalin Revolution Results of Stalinist policies
Russia industrialized faster than any nation ever had
Population of Russia were poor and discontent, but afraid to challenge Stalin
Fear of secret police forces (NKVD)
Citizens who survived, however, saw Stalin’s progress and worked tirelessly to support him

29. Animal Farm
Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself.