1. Kingdom Protista

2. Special Cell Structures

3. 1. For Movement
Cilia – Hair-like projections that act like oars to help them move
Pseudopod (false foot) – an irregular shaped “blob” that change shape to help with movement
Flagella – one or more whip-like structures- Euglena

4. 2. Vacuoles
Contractile Vacuole – pumps excess water out of the cell. Freshwater organisms get a lot of water by osmosis, so the contractive vacuole prevents the cell from bursting.
Food Vacuole – a vacuole that surrounds food particles that enter the cell

5. 3. Eyespots An eyespot is found in a Euglena.
It helps the cell located light for photosynthesis

6. 4. For Digestion
Gullet / Oral Groove – is a food passageway. Cilia help sweep food into the cell
Food Vacuole – enzymes digest the food
Anal Pore – food waste is removed from the cell

7. Protists Characteristics

8. 5. General Characteristics
Kingdom Protista is like the “junk drawer” for organisms that do not belong in any other kingdom
- All Eukaryotic
- unicellular or multicellular
- autotrophs, heterotrophs, or decomposers
- no specialized tissues

9. 6. Obtaining Energy
Some protists are Autotrophs. They have chloroplasts to capture energy for photosynthesis
Heterotrophic protists get their food from their environment. They eat bacteria, yeast, or other protists.
- Parasites invade other organisms to get nutrients
- a host is the organism the parasite feeds from
Other protists are Decomposers. They get energy by breaking down dead organic matter

10. 7. Reproduction Like all living things, Protists can reproduce:
Sexually by conjugation
Asexually by binary fission or multiple fission
Alternation of Generations – where the parents reproduce sexually and their offspring asexually.
Complex Reproductive Cycles that involve another organism

11. 8. Classification of Protists
Since all protists are so unique, it is difficult to classify them. One way is by shared traits:
Animal-like
Plant-like
Fungus-like
Multicellular

12. 9. Animal-Like Protists Called Protozoans Single-celled Heterotrophic
Classified by how they move:
Ciliates (Paramecium)
Flagellates(Euglena)
Amoebas
Sporozoans

13. Animal-Like Protists
Paramecium with cilia
Euglena with flagella

14. Animal-Like Protists
Amoeba with pseudopod

15. 10. Plant-Like Protists Called Algae
Autotrophs with chlorophyll and carry-out photosynthesis
Classified by color and structure
Green, red, brown, golden
Single-cellular or multicellular
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Euglenoids

16. Plant-Like Protists Euglena live in freshwater and are unicellular
Diatoms are unicellular and have a glasslike outer shell

17. Plant-Like Protists
Dinoflagellates are single-celled organisms that usually live in salt water
Some can live in fresh water or even snow

18. 11. Fungus-Like Protists Are all decomposers
Slime molds, downy mildews, water molds

19. 12. Multicellular Protists
Kelp (Seaweed)
Live in shallow water along the shore
Red algae
Brown algae