1. TOPIC: Nutrition AIM: What nutrients are needed by the human body?

2. Nutrition
Process in which organisms take in materials from the environment to be used by the body
Food = provides energy
2 types:

3. 1. Heterotrophic nutrition = organism cannot make it’s own food
Involves ingestion, digestion, and egestion
Example – humans

4. Ingest food = take it in (eat)

5. Digest food = break it down

6. Egestion = removing undigested food

7. 2. Autotrophic nutrition = organisms make their own food
PLANTS= photosynthesis

8. What are nutrients? Substances in foods
Provide energy & materials for life processes

9. 6 nutrients needed by the body

10. 1.
Carbohydrates
Main source of energy

11. Simple carbohydrates = sugars (Fruits, honey, milk)

12. Complex carbohydrates = starches & fiber (bread, pasta, potatoes)

13. Fiber = can’t be digested
Keeps digestive system running smoothly

14. For replacement & repair of body cells Growth
2. Proteins

15. Made of amino acids
Body needs 20 amino acids
Most made in the body, 8 are not

17. Provide energy (storage/ secondary source)
Fats
Provide energy (storage/ secondary source)
b. Help body absorb vitamins
3. Lipids

18. c. Cushion & support organs
d. Insulate against heat loss

19. Unsaturated fats = liquid at room temp

20. Saturated fats = solid at room temp
Contribute to cholesterol

21. Use 14 of them 4. Minerals For normal functioning
Calcium, phosphorus, iodine…
4. Minerals

23. For normal functioning
Micronutrients = Needed in small amounts
Found in most foods, some made in the body
5. Vitamins

25. a. Needed for chemical reactions
6. Water

26. b. Found in & around cells c. 60% of the body is made of water
Inside cells
Inside cells
Around cells

27. d. Makes up blood (for carrying materials)

28. e. Maintains body temperature

30. How is
energy
measured
in food?
Calories

31. Food
Groups
Groups of foods classified by nutrients

32. 5 groups:
1. bread & cereal (carbs)

33. 2. Vegetable
(vitamins, minerals, fiber)

34. 3. Fruit
(vitamins, minerals, fiber, sugar)

35. 4. Milk / Dairy
(Calcium & vitamins)

36. 5. Meat
(Protein & iron)

37. Food
Pyramid
System that helps people select foods that supply all nutrients needed for energy & growth

38. Shows 5 food groups

39. Oil & fats = not a food group
(you do need a small amount)

41. Food
label
Displays nutritional facts