1. 14.1 – Human Heredity

2. Human Chromosomes
Karyotype – a picture of our chromosomes (each cell would have an identical looking karyotype)
How is it made?
Photograph cells during mitosis
Cut out the chromosomes and group them together in homologous pairs

3. Karyotypes
Male
Female

4. Human Chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes – Carry genes that determine the gender of an individual
Males - XY (Y determines sex – male genes)
Females – XX
Often referred to as the 23rd chromosomes

5. Sex Determination – Punnett Square
Female
Male

6. Autosomal Chromosomes
Those chromosomes not involved in sex determination
Pairs 1-22
Summary
Human males referred to as 46XY
Human females referred to as 46XX

7. Pedigree Go to Section: A circle represents a female.
A square represents a male.
A horizontal line connecting a male and female represents a marriage.
A vertical line and a bracket connect the parents to their children.
A half-shaded circle or square indicates that a person is a carrier of the trait.
A circle or square that is not shaded indicates that a person neither expresses the trait nor is a carrier of the trait.
A completely shaded circle or square indicates that a person expresses the trait.
Go to Section:

8. I. Rr Rr
II. R_ R_ Rr Rr rr R_
III. R_ R_ R_ rr R_ Rr Rr

9. A B
Anti A
Anti B
Anti A Anti B
Type B Blood
Type A Blood
Type O Blood
Type AB Blood

10. How is blood type inherited
Type A and B are both dominant =
co-dominance
Type O is recessive
Genotype
Phenotype AB
Type AB
AA or AO
Type A
BB or BO
Type B OO
Type O

11. Rh factor Rh is a protein that also is important in blood transfusions
Rh+ is dominant over Rh-

12. 1. Mother with type A blood (AO) x Father with type B blood (BO).
Genotypes
¼ AB
¼ BO
¼ AO
¼ OO
A O B O AB BO AO OO
Phenotypes
¼ Type AB
¼ Type B
¼ Type A
¼ Type O
Mother type O blood x Father with type A. What are all the
blood types their children could have?
A A A O O
O O
AO AO
AO OO
Answer: Type A or Type O

14. Concept Map caused by include include include Albinism
Section 14-1
Autosomol
Disorders
caused by
Recessive alleles
Dominant alleles
Codominant alleles
include
include
include
Albinism
Galactosemia
Tay-Sachs disease
Huntington’s disease
Sickle cell disease
Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Achondroplasia
Hypercholes-
terolemia
Go to Section:

15. Blood Groups Safe Transfusions Phenotype (Blood Type Antigen on
Red Blood Cell
Genotype To
From
Go to Section:

16. The Cause of Cystic Fibrosis
Chromosome # 7
CFTR gene
The most common allele that causes cystic fibrosis is missing 3 DNA bases. As a result, the amino acid phenylalanine is missing from the CFTR protein.
Normal CFTR is a chloride ion channel in cell membranes. Abnormal CFTR cannot be transported to the cell membrane.
The cells in the person’s airways are unable to transport chloride ions. As a result, the airways become clogged with a thick mucus.
Go to Section: