1. In-Class Review
Chapters 14-16

2. Chapter 14- North American Tribes
Focus on knowing the names of the Native American Tribes in North America
Hopewell
Mississippian
Iroquois
Plains Indians
Anasazi

4. Chapter 14- Meso- and South America
Mesoamerica
South America
Toltec
Brought metalworking to Mesoamerica
Aztec
Capital: Tenochtitlan
Most important commodity: blood
Floating islands used for agriculture (chinampas)
Nazca
Known for massive shapes called Nazca lines
Inca
Capital: Cusco
Used quipu (knotted cords) for record keeping
Road network improved communication

5. Chapter 15- Renaissance Niccolo Machiavelli Famous work: The Prince
Theories: leader’s main goal is staying in power
Morality and ethics not related to politics
“It is better to be feared than loved, but never hated
Split into two sections:
Political
Cultural/Artistic
Major Italian city-states
Venice
Milan
Florence
Papal States
Kingdom of Naples (only hereditary monarchy)

6. What would be the effect of more books being available to people?
Chapter 15- Renaissance
Humanism most important concept to know
Father of humanism: Petrarch
Dante Alighieri – Divine Comedy
Written in vernacular (why?)
Humanist education based on creating “well-rounded citizens”
More printed works coming from printing press
What would be the effect of more books being available to people?

7. Chapter 15- Renaissance
Know major art techniques, mediums, and artists
Techniques
Perspective
Medium
Fresco
Artists
Michelangelo
Leonardo da Vinci
Be sure to go back and review definitions and famous works (flashcards help)

8. Chapter 16- Reformation in Europe
Biggest issues with Church:
Priests unqualified
Church too greedy
Biggest problem: selling indulgences
Most vocal critic was Martin Luther
Arguments against the church published as the 95 Theses
Led to Luther’s arrest (Diet of Worms)
Edict of Worms: Luther excommunicated and sentenced to death
Escaped and published Bible in German
Teachings became known as Lutheransim

9. Chapter 16- Reformation in Europe
Lutheranism
Salvation = faith alone
Rejected most sacraments
No priests (pastors could marry)
Pope not recognized as leader
Other Protestants formed own beliefs
John Calvin- Calvinism
Predestination- God already knows who will be saved and who will be damned
English Calvinists called Puritans

10. Chapter 16- Reformation in Europe
England was unique
Religious reform because of political reasons
King Henry VIII
Wanted annulment from wife; could not because of Catholic beliefs
Broke away from the Church
Act of Supremacy (1524)- King made head of the new Anglican Church
Allowed him to confiscate church lands and monasteries