1. #4 - AIM: What is China’s new direction? 30.3
There was great hope for change
Easier to destroy than to build new!

2. Fall of the Qing (Manchu)
In countryside lawlessness, poverty and hunger were widespread
Nationalist & Communist movements struggle for power

3. Revolution of 1911
[1912] Nationalists are successful – calls for modernization
1912 New Republic of China is
formed
Sun Yat-Sen: 1st President
Lived in Hawaii & UK –
Studied medicine in Hong Kong
What is the impact of his upbringing?

4. Dr. Sun Yat Sen New President hopes for “3 Principles of the People”
1. Nationalism – end of foreign control
2. Democracy
3. Economic security for all Chinese
His presidency only lasts a short time -
He flees to Japan
Warlords begin to control China

5. Nationalist

6. China & WWI
China enters war against Germany –hoping to gain German colonies
Treaty of Versailles: Unfortunately, the treaty gives German colonies in China to Japan! 
China is outraged – May 4th Movement occurred as a result of the Treaty of Versailles

7. May 4th Movement Nationalism
Nationalism – feeling of pride in an devotion to one’s country.
A national movement spreads across China
People become divided
Democracy v. Communism
Democracy had close ties to the West.
Others chose Lenin’s Communism

8. Rise of Chiang Kai-shek
[1925] Sun Yat-Sen dies: Chiang Kai-shek now leader of Nationalists
Many problems – worked with communists at first.

9. Northern Expedition
– Kai-shek organizes “Northern Expedition” with Communists to crush warlords
Nationalists turn on Communists – kill thousands in Shanghai
[1928] Kai-shek brought China under
control
Civil War erupts between Communists and Nationalists

10. [1930s] Rise of Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong influenced by - The Communist Manifesto
Mao: peasants would rise up for communism
PEASANTS support Mao
Growth of Communists in the
countryside
Chinese Civil War: and

11. The Long March ( ).
Communists forced to escape from Nationalists.
6,000 miles - swampland, mountains, freezing climates
100,000 Communists started;
only 7,000 survived! ….
Settle in caves in Northwest

12. Mao said “we are swimming in the sea of peasants”
Mao said “we are swimming in the sea of peasants”? What do you think Mao meant by this?

13. Japanese Watch
• Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out invasion of Manchuria – industrial center
• Nationalists and Communists join together to fight a common enemy

14. The Rape of Nanjing
1937 “The Rape of Nanjing” - 300,000 people tortured, raped, and killed
Considered a 20th Century Genocide

15. World War II
Civil War put on hold – unite to fight outsiders – (Japanese)
Japan occupied and devastated most of China’s cities

16. Imperial China Collapses
SECTION 3
Imperial China Collapses
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
A New Power
• Kuomintang—Nationalist Party of China—calls for
modernization
• Sun Yixian—first great leader of Nationalist Party
• In 1911, Nationalists overthrow Qing dynasty
Shaky Start for the New Republic
• In 1912, Sun takes control as president
• Backs three principles: nationalism, democracy, economic
security
• No national agreement on rule; civil war breaks out in 1916
Continued . . .
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17. World War I Spells More Problems
SECTION 3
continued Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
World War I Spells More Problems
• China enters war against Germany hoping to gain
land held by Germans
• Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in
China to Japan
• On May 4, 1919, angry students protest this
agreement
• May Fourth Movement—nationalist movement
that spreads across China
• Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian
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18. The Communist Party in China
SECTION 3
The Communist Party in China
Rise of a New Leader
• Mao Zedong—helps form Chinese Communist
Party in 1921
Image
Lenin Befriends China
• In 1923, Lenin helps Nationalists, who agree to work
with Communists
Peasants Align with the Communists
• Jiang Jieshi—Nationalist leader after Sun dies—
opposes communism
• Peasants see no gain for them in Jiang’s plans, they
back Communists
Continued . . .
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19. Nationalists and Communists Clash
SECTION 3
continued The Communist Party in China
Nationalists and Communists Clash
• In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists in
Shanghai
• In 1928, Jiang becomes president; Communists
resist his rule
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20. Civil War Rages in China
SECTION 3
Civil War Rages in China
Hostility Becomes War
• By 1930, civil war rages; Mao recruits a peasant,
guerrilla army
The Long March
• In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds outnumbered
Communists
• Long March—Communists’ 6,000-mile journey to
safety in north
• Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000 survive the
march
Map
Civil War Suspended
• Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out
invasion in 1937
• Nationalists and Communists join together to fight
Japan
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