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The Mammalian Epigenome
Bradley E. Bernstein, Alexander Meissner, Eric S. Lander Cell Volume 128, Issue 4, Pages (February 2007) DOI: /j.cell Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Cytosine and Histone Methylation
Cytosine methylation is the only known covalent modification of DNA in mammals. In contrast, histones are subject to hundreds of modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. (A) illustrates the structures and effects of cytosine methylation (repressive/red) and two histone marks: H3K27 methylation (repressive/red) and H3K4 methylation (activating/green). (B) illustrates the diversity of histone H3 modifications. Cell , DOI: ( /j.cell ) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 The Epigenome Is a Complete Description of “Heritable” Modifications to DNA and Histone Proteins as They Occur across the Genome (A) The epigenome's makeup within a given cell is a function of genetic determinants, lineage-specific cues, and environment. The different chemical changes interact to form a complex regulatory network that modulates chromatin structure and genome function (Margueron et al., 2005). (B) Several lines of evidence suggest that the epigenome of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is uniquely plastic (Meshorer et al., 2006; Vire et al., 2006; and references in text). Cell , DOI: ( /j.cell ) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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