1. Unit 6: Crises and Achievements (1900-1945)
Global History II Review

2. Science and Technology
Medical advancements are made
Standard of living improves
Better wages for workers and conditions
Increase in population (healthier/ safer)
New Scientific theories developed
Radioactivity (Nuclear energy)
Einstein and Freud

3. World War I Causes (1914-1918) War began when Arch Duke was killed
Nationalism- pride in one’s country
Militarism- increase in militaries to protect
Imperialism- conquering territories
Alliances- joining forces incase of attack
War began when Arch Duke was killed
Balkans were a “powder keg” of tension and started the war by each country joining in

4. World War I Alliances formed across Europe Industrialized warfare
Central Powers (Triple Alliance)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers (Triple Entente)
Britain, France, Russia, Later Italy, Japan, USA
Industrialized warfare
Trench warfare- dug trenches to fight from
New weapons- machine gun, tank, submarine, airplane, and poison gas

5. World War I Turning Point of the war when USA joins
Russia withdrew from war (Revolution)
Costs of the war
Tremendous loss of life (more than 8 million)
Economic losses forced Germany to pay reparations for the war (Treaty of Versailles)
Formation of the League of Nations to try and prevent future wars from happening

6. Revolution in Russia Causes of the Revolution (1917)
Czar Nicholas was an autocratic ruler
Harsh treatment of the people, suppressed reform
Peasants were unhappy with conditions
Diversity among the Russian people inspired nationalism among populations
Revolution of protesters were attacked
People wanted to get out of World War I

7. Revolution in Russia Bolshevik Revolution (Communists)
Provisional government was slow to change
Communists promised Peace, Bread, & Land
Lenin Rules Russia
Communists overthrew provisional gov.
Russia drops out of World War I
Civil war between Reds and Whites (czar)
New Economic Policy- governemnt controlled nearly everything in the Soviet economy

8. Revolution in Russia Joseph Stalin takes over Soviet Russia
Totalitarian dictator launched Great Purge
Russification- promoted Russian culture for everyone living in Russia (non-Russians)
Five-Year Plans to build industry and increase agricultural output
Collectivization created large farms
Forced Famine- starved peasants in Ukraine
Modernized Russia to compete with West

9. Between Wars Treaty of Versailles Collapse of Empires
Harsh punishment for Germany
Loss of territory, military restrictions, war guilt
Formation of the League of Nations
Designed to prevent future aggression and wars
Weakened due to refusal of USA to join
Collapse of Empires
Austria-Hungary broke up into several nations
Ottoman Empire lost war and broke up

10. Between Wars National movements emerged
Turks under Kemal Ataturk Westernized
Iran under Shah Reza Khan Westernized
Pan-Arabism- Arab nations wanted to be free of foreign (European) rule
Zionism- push for a Jewish state in Palestine
Indian Nationalism- wanted independence
Gandhi used civil disobedience to win rights

11. Between Wars Chinese Nationalism Women’s Suffrage movement gains vote
Economic collapse in China led to revolt
May Fourth Movement- modernize China by turning to the West
Communists emerged (Mao’s Long March)
Civil War between Communists & Nationalists
Women’s Suffrage movement gains vote
Democratic nations give women right to vote

12. Between Wars World Wide Depression (1929) Rise of Fascism
Economic problems in Europe from WWI
Interdependency of world economies
Great Depression: collapse of economy
Banks and business closed
People lose faith in capitalism and democracy
Rise of Fascism
Rule a people by dictatorial government

13. Between Wars Rise of Fascism
Italy: Mussolini promised better economy and gain territory expected after WWI
Germany: Weimer Republic failed (democracy
Inflation created economic problems and gave rise to Hitler
Hitler promised to regain lost territory, fix the economy, rebuild the military
Anti-Semitism rose (hatred toward Jews)

14. Between Wars Japan becomes a militaristic power in Asia
Depression ended movement toward democracy in Japan
Need for raw materials drove Japan to imperialism and militarism in Pacific region
Expanded into China and Manchuria
Anti-Western feelings
Left League of Nations

15. World War II Causes of World War II (1939-1945)
Aggressive nature of Italy, Germany, Japan
Japan invaded and took territory in China
Italy attacks Ethiopia (L-N does nothing)
German Aggression:
Rebuilds military, took Rhineland, Austria, and part of Czechoslovakia
Appeasement (give in to an aggressor)
Policy followed by Europeans to prevent war
Start of War: Germany invades Poland ’39

16. World War II Axis Powers gained territory rapidly
Germans used Blitzkrieg “Lighting War”
Turning points in the war
US enters the war after Pearl Harbor attack
Battle of Stalingrad turned back Germans
Invasion of Normandy by Allies (D-Day)
Battle of Midway in the Pacific

17. World War II Holocaust: Genocide against Jews World War II Ends
Hitler’s “Final Solution” killed 6 million Jews
World War II Ends
Germany was overrun by Allies and gave up
Americans dropped two atomic bombs on Japan to end the war in the Pacific
Technology of World War II
Jet planes, bomber planes, atomic weapons

18. World War II Impact of World War II
75 Million people died world wide in the war
Many cities and economies were in ruins
War Crime trials such as Nuremberg Trials
Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe
United Nations was formed to discuss world problems and develop solutions over war