1. LAN Hardware Concepts Module 3 H3065S F.00 [Course Title]
[Module Title]
LAN Hardware Concepts
Module 3
H3065S F.00
[Rev. # or date]

2. LAN Hardware Components
A LAN is comprised of a variety of hardware components:
Internet
Transmission Media
Interface Cards
Repeaters
Hubs
Bridges
Switches
Routers
Gateways
Firewalls
Firewall
Gateway
Router
Router
Bridge (chicago office)
Switch (london office)
Mainframe
Hub (sales)
Hub (research)
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

3. LAN Transmission Media
Central Copper Conduit
Plastic Insulating Jacket
Twisted Pair
Plastic insulating jacket
Non-conducting insulator
Coaxial Cable
Woven Metal Shield
Central Copper Conduit
LED or Laser Transmitter
Photodiode Receiver
Fiber Optic
Glass or Plastic Fiber Cable
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

4. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
LAN Topologies
Bus
Ring
A LAN’s Physical Topology:
Describes how a network is physically cabled.
Star
Hub
A LAN’s Logical Topology:
Describes the logical pathway a signal follows as it passes among the network nodes.
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

5. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
LAN Access Methods
CSMA/CD Method
Token Passing Method
Token+Data
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

6. Ethernet 802.3 Interface Cards
10Base2
10BaseF
10BaseT
100BaseTX
100BaseFX
1000BaseT
1000BaseSX
Data Rate
10Mbps
10Mbps
10Mbps
100Mbps
100Mbps
1000Mbps
1000Mbps
Log. Topology
Bus
Bus
Bus
Bus
Bus
Bus
Bus
Phys. Topology
Bus
Star
Star
Star
Star
Star
Star
Access
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD
Cable Type
Coax
Fiber
Cat 3/5
Cat 5
Fiber
Cat 5
Fiber
Max. Segment
185m
1000m+
100m
100m
412m+
100m
220m+ T T
Hub/Switch
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

7. Token Ring 802.5 Interface Cards
Data Rate
4 or 16 Mbps
Topology (Logical)
Ring
MultiStation Access Unit
Topology (Physical)
Star
Access Method
Token
Cable Types
Cat 3/5
Max. Segment
100m
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

8. FDDI Ring Interface Cards
Data Rate
100 Mbps
Single Attachment Stations
Topology (Logical)
Ring
Topology (Physical)
Dual Ring Star
Access Method
Token
Cable Type
Fiber
Concentrator
Max. Segment
2000m
Dual Attachment Station
Dual Attachment Station
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

9. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Repeaters
Repeater
Repeaters extend the maximum allowed distance between nodes.
telnet
Repeaters
Repeaters repeat a signal from one port to another.
Repeaters pass all traffic through without error checking or filtering..
Repeaters pass collisions, too.
Repeaters are used primarily to overcome maximum segment length restrictions.
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

10. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Hubs
Hub
Hubs make it very easy to add and remove hosts on a network.
telnet
Hubs…
Hubs propagate a signal received on one port to all other ports..
Hubs propagate errors and collisions across ports, too.
Hubs simplify the addition and removal of nodes on a LAN.
Hubs are also used to connect network segments cabled with different media types.
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

11. Bridges
Bridge
Hub
Hub
Bridges make it possible to segment your network into separate collision domains to minimize collisions and improve performance.
telnet
telnet
Separate Collision Domains
Bridges
Bridges provide all the functionality of a hub, PLUS ...
Bridges filter frames by destination MAC, and segment a LAN into multiple collision domains.
Bridges filter signal and timing errors.
Bridges can be used to connect segments operating at different speeds.
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

12. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Switches
Switch
Switches are similar to bridges, but offer multiple parallel communication channels across ports for improved performance.
telnet
telnet
Switches
Switches provide all the functionality of a bridge PLUS ...
Switches typically offer more ports than bridges.
Switches allow for multiple, parallel channels of communication between ports.
Switches sometimes offer “full-duplex” functionality.
Switches are replacing both bridges and hubs in many modern networks.
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

13. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Routers and Gateways
Router
Router
Router
Gateway
Router
Mainframe
Routers and Gateways
Routers use IP addresses to route data between networks.
Routers can be used to connect different network types.
Routers don’t forward broadcast packets; broadcast packets are dropped.
Gateways are used to connect dissimilar networks over all 7 OSI layers
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

14. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Firewalls
Internet
Firewall
Firewalls make it possible to control access to and from your local area network.
Firewalls
Firewalls determine what traffic is allowed in and out of your network.
Firewalls may filter packets by IP or port number.
Firewalls may log what packets are sent to and from whom.
Firewalls use these and many other features to improve network security.
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

15. Pulling It All Together
[Course Title]
[Module Title]
Pulling It All Together
Internet
Firewall
Gateway
Router
Router
Bridge (chicago office)
Switch (london office)
Mainframe
Hub (sales)
Hub (research)
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
[Rev. # or date]

16. © 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
[Course Title]
[Module Title]
H3065S F.00
© 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
[Rev. # or date]