1. A Call to Arms
Unit 3 (ch. 5.3)
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Feel free to change any “You will…” and “I will…” statements to ensure they align with your classroom procedures and rules!

2. I. Philadelphia A. The Continental Congress September 1774
55 delegates
12 of the 13 colonies (no GA)
MA = Samuel & John Adams
NY = John Jay
VA = George Washington, Richard Henry Lee, & Patrick Henry
GOAL = Set up a political body / challenge British control

3. II. The Delegates A. Vote Discuss complaints against British then vote
Statement of Grievances = repeal 13 acts of Parliament
Violated laws of nature, the principles of the English Constitution, and the several charters of the colonies
Voted to boycott British trade
Would not import or export

4. B. Suffolk Resolves Continental Congress endorses the Suffolk Resolves
Prepared by the people of Boston & other Suffolk County towns in Mass. declaring the Coercive Acts to be illegal
SR called on residents to arm themselves against the British
Inspired other colonies to organize militias (groups of citizen soldiers)

5. III. Fighting A. Militias Protect communities
Trained & drills with other citizen soldiers
Practiced using muskets & cannons
Required to provide own weapons
Towns gathered and stored military supplies

6. B. Tension Rise New England = “in a state of rebellion”
April 1775 = several thousand British troops in Boston
British general, Thomas Gage, ordered to seize weapons from Mass. militia & arrest leaders
Ordered 700 troops under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to Concord

7. C. British
April 18, 1775 = Dr. Joseph Warren (colonial protest leader) discovered British troops marching out of Boston
Alerted Paul Revere & William Dawes
Rode to Lexington = spread the word “The British are coming”
One by land two by sea
Midnight Riders
Sybil Ludington

8. D. Lexington & Concord
British run into 70 minutemen – led by Captain John Parker
Shot fired = both sides exchange bullets = 8 minutemen dead
British continue = more minutemen = British take heavy losses
British reach Boston with 174 wounded & 73 dead
60 years later, poet Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote “The Concord Hymn” that the Americans fired the “shot heard ‘round the world.”

9. E. Aftermath Armed conflict spreads
Benedict Arnold = captain Conn. Militia = raised a force of 400 = seized Fort Ticonderoga
Arnold joins Ethan Allen’s (VT) men, the Green Mountain Boys
Take British by surprise
Arnold = traitor to Patriots = sold military info to British

10. F. Battle of Bunker Hill Militia (20,000) around Boston
June 16, 1775 = militia commanded by Colonel William Prescott set up posts at Bunker Hill & Breed’s Hill
Weapons drawn at Breed’s Hill
“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” – Prescott
At first British retreat
Twice redcoats charge = Americans out of gunpowder & retreat
Battle of Breed’s Hill = Battle of Bunker Hill = defeating Americans neither quick nor easy

11. IV. Choosing Sides Loyalist Those who sided with Britain
Did not think unfair taxes and laws justified rebellion
Some were officeholders responsible for upholding British law
Others had not suffered from British policies

12. Patriot Supported the war
Colonist should have the right to govern themselves
Determined to fight the British until American independence was won