1. The making of nation states –
the unification of Italy

2. Foundation paper – study of a theme
Italy 1852 – 70
Cavour’s domestic policies
The defeat of Austria
Garibaldi
The Papal States
Venice and Rome

3. The background – from Napoleon’s time
Napoleon conquered Italy –he gave Italians……
Efficient government
Practical demonstration of the benefits which could come with a united Italy
A hatred of foreign influences.
The ideas of the French revolution

4. Napoleon simplified the map

5. The Congress of Vienna 1815 Settle Europe after the Napoleonic wars
Restore things to the way they were before the French revolution!
Bourbons restored in France – Louis XVIII
Destroy the ideas of the revolution –back to absolute monarchy

6. Italy in 1815

7. Italy in 1815 – « Italy is a geographical expression »
Different rulers restored to their former states.
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – King Ferdinand (Bourbon)
Pope in the Papal States
Kingdom of Piedmont Sardinia
Dominant role given to Austria – Lombardy and Venetia, central duchies

8. Repressive rule Censorship Secret police Absolute monarchy
Foreign domination – Austria
Ideas of the French revolution repressed – Napoleon’s reforms ended.

9. Was Italian unification possible?
How?
By Whom?
In what form? – kingdom, republic?