1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDs

2. A few questions to think about …
Which STDs do you know?
What do you know about STDs?
What is the problem with STDs?
What are the symptoms?
How common are STDs?

3. An overview Bacterial infections : chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
Viral infections: hepatitis B, herpes, genital warts, HIV
Parasites: scabies, trichomoniasis
Fungi: candida

4. How are STDs passed from one person to another?

5. How are STDs passed from one person to another?
Sexual intercourse: sperm, vaginal fluid, contact between mucous membranes
Blood: wounds, needles
From mother to child: pregnancy, breast milk
Skin-to-skin contact: with an infected area (herpes, scabies)
Common use of sheets genital warts

6. How can you protect yourself?

7. How can you protect yourself?
By using a condom: limited risks
Get informed:
Get tested: general practitionor (doctor), gynecologist
smear (vagina, throat, anus), blood test, urine sample

8. What are the symptoms?

9. What are the symptoms? No complaints or rather blurred → PROBLEM !
Itch
Burning feeling
Pain
Secretion
Warts
A bad smell

10. Consequences

11. Consequences Infertility Inflammations (testicles)
Pregnancy loss and ectopic pregnancy
Genital cancers
Organ damage
Enhanced transmission of HIV/AIDS

12. Treatments Medication Antibiotics (bacteria)
Special treatments for viral infections (unpredictable)
Sometimes incurable (herpes, HIV)
Vaccination (hepatitis B, HPV)

13. Spreads Most common in Belgium: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
Since 2013: less HIV
Quotes from the American Sexual Health Association:
More than half of all people will have an STD/STI at some point in their lifetime
Each year, one in four teens contracts an STD/STI
One in two sexually active persons will contract an STD/STI by age 25
One out of 20 people in the United States will get infected with hepatitis B (HBV) some time during their lives.9 Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV.

14. Chlamydia (Flanders)

15. Chlamydia Probably no symptoms pain or burning while peeing
pain during sex
lower belly pain
abnormal vaginal discharge (may be yellowish and have a strong smell)
bleeding between periods
pus or a watery/milky discharge from the penis
swollen or tender testicles
pain, discharge and/or bleeding around the anus

17. Gonorrhea (Belgium 2015)

18. Gonorrhea Sometimes no signs Pain or burning feeling when you pee
Abnormal discharge from the vagina that may be yellowish or bloody
Bleeding between periods
Yellow, white, or green discharge from your penis
Pain or swelling in your testicles

20. Syphilis (Belgium 2015)

21. Syphilis SUPER contagious
Primary stage: a syphilis sore (called a chancre) pops up — that sore is where the syphilis infection entered your body. Chancres are usually firm, round, and painless, or sometimes open and wet. There’s often only 1 sore, but you may have more.
Secondary stage: rashes on the palms of your hands, soles of your feet, or other parts of your body, you may feel sick and have mild flu-like symptoms, like a slight fever, feeling tired, sore throat, swollen glands, headache, and muscle aches. You can also have sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus, and weight or hair loss
Late stage: serious health problems, tumors, blindness, and paralysis, it can damage your nervous system, brain and other organs, and may even kill you

24. Human Papillomavirus

25. Human Papillomavirus Highly contagious (extensive physical contact)
A group of more than 200 related viruses (two of these, HPV types 16 and 18, are responsible for most HPV-caused cancers)
Can cause cervical cancer
Scientists estimate that more than 90% and 80%, respectively, of sexually active men and women will be infected with at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives
190 deadly cancer in Belgium each year, 90% can be avoided by screening
Vaccination (70% protection)

27. AIDS HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome