1. THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL Key Figures

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.5.11 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Great Depression and the New Deal.

3. The Great Depression Herbert Hoover:
31st President of the United States
U.S. Secretary of Commerce
Spearheaded the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Hoover Dam
Policies could not overcome the economic destruction and despair that resulted from the Great Depression

4. The Great Depression Walter W. Waters: World War I veteran
Led a group of his fellow veterans to Washington, DC to demand immediate payment of bonuses
This group was dubbed the Bonus Expeditionary Forces or the Bonus Army

5. The Great Depression Douglas MacArthur:
Led the army, complete with infantry, cavalry, and tanks, into Anacostia Flats
Forced the Bonus Army to flee
Ordered the shanty settlements burned along with the protesters’ belongings

6. The Great Depression Migrant Workers:
Thousands of farmers from the Dust Bowl had to give up their farms
Many moved to California and became migrant workers
They moved from place to place to harvest fruits and vegetables

7. The Great Depression Dorothea Lange: Dorothea Lange was a photographer
Her portraits of displaced farmers during the Great Depression greatly influenced later documentary photography

8. The Great Depression John Maynard Keynes:
English economist, journalist and financier
Best known for his Keynesian economics; theories on the causes of prolonged unemployment
Believed that deficit spending during recessions and depressions could revive national economies

9. The New Deal Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR):
32nd President of the United States
His New Deal programs and policies focused on immediate relief, long- term recovery, and reform in order to revive the economy
His optimism and charm did much to convince Americans that they had “nothing to fear but fear itself”
Gave “fireside chats” to the nation via radio

10. The New Deal The Brain Trust:
Refers to the group of academic advisers that Roosevelt gathered to assist him during the presidential campaign
Initially, the term applied to three Columbia University professors: Raymond Moley, Rexford Guy Tugwell, and Adolph A. Berle, Jr.

11. The New Deal Harold L. Ickes:
U.S. social activist who became a prominent member of the New Deal Democratic administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Head of the Public Works Administration (PWA)
Established “yardsticks” for electric power rates 

12. The New Deal Harry Hopkins:
One of the closest advisers to Franklin D. Roosevelt
Helped architect the New Deal
Created the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

13. The New Deal Ralph Bunche:
Nobel Peace Prize–winning academic and U.N. diplomat
Part of Roosevelt’s Federal Council of Negro Affairs, “Black Cabinet”
Known for his peacekeeping efforts in the Middle East, Africa and the Mediterranean

14. The New Deal Mary McLeod Bethune: Educator and activist
Served as President of the National Association of Colored Women
Founded the National Council of Negro Women
Special advisor to President Roosevelt on minority affairs
Appointed director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration

15. The New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt: Broke new ground for a First Lady
Held her own press conferences, traveling independently to all parts of the country, writing a syndicated newspaper column, and broadcasting radio addresses
Spoke out for civil rights and women’s rights

16. The New Deal Father Charles Coughlin: A Roman Catholic priest
Became a national celebrity during the 1930s by hosting a popular radio broadcast
Became disenchanted with Roosevelt's leadership
Wanted heavy taxes on the rich
Later became a sympathizer of fascism

17. The New Deal Francis Townsend:
American physician, author, and political organizer
Crusaded for pensions for the elderly

18. The New Deal Huey P. Long: Governor of Louisiana
Had a populist agenda that provided reforms for the poor during the Depression
Believed rich should be taxed to provide homes for the poor; “Share the Wealth”
Shot and killed after he announced he would run for president