1. A combination of two or more substances NOT chemically combined
Mixtures
A combination of two or more substances NOT chemically combined

2. Types of Mixtures
Solutions
Suspensions
Colloids

3. Mixtures … Each substance keeps its own identity
Components do not have a definite ratio
Can be separated using physical means

4. More characteristics
Mixtures can be made up of elements, compounds or both
A mixture could be a pizza, a rock, air, lemonade, colloids
a solution…..

5. 2 Kinds of Mixtures Heterogenous mixtures
is not uniform in composition(not same type of particle throughout).
If you were to sample one portion of such a mixture, it’s
composition would be
different from that of
another portion.
e.g. Salad dressing

6. 2nd types of mixture Homogenous mixtures
Is the type of mixture that is uniform in composition (same type of particle through-out).
If you were to sample
one portion of such a mixture,
it’s composition would be
similar to that of another
portion.e.g. juice

7. New Terms
Concentrated
Dilute
Soluble
Insoluble
Saturated,
unsaturated

8. 1. Solutions
Appears like one substance, but made up of 2 or more substances;
Homogenous
Ex. Salt water:
Water: solvent
Sodium chloride: solute

9. Vocabulary Concentrated: Has more solute Dilute: Has less solute.
Saturated solution: Contains all the solute it can take at given temp.

10. -Substance in which solute dissolves
E.g. Salt water:
Solvent: Is water
-Substance in which solute dissolves
Usually the larger quantity
Water=Universal Solvent

11. Solute: Is Sodium Chloride
-Substance that dissolves in solvent
- Usually the lesser quantity

12. Unsaturated: Solvent can dissolve more solute
Soluble: Can dissolve
Insoluble: Cannot dissolve

13. Types of Solutions Gas in gas: air Gas in liquid: pool chlorine
Liquid in gas: water vapor
Liquid in liquid: antifreeze
Solid in solid: alloys-steel
Solid in liquid: salt water
Solid in gas: smoke

14. Characteristics of Solutions
Particles VERY small (ions)
Cannot be filtered(pass thru’)
Light passing through does not scatter (transparent)
Solubility determines how much solute in a solvent

15. Concentration How much solute per unit of solvent
35 g. NaCl in 175 mL water
-concentration = 35/175 g/mL
= 0.2g/mL

16. Solubility of a solute
Amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution in a given solvent at a given temperature.

17. Solubility Rules How MUCH solute can be dissolved?
Depends on temperature: solubility of solids in liquids increases as temperature increases
Is opposite for gases! e.g. soda…

20. Prediction: Which of these is a solution?
Air?
Soft Drinks?
Ocean water?
Antifreeze?
Brass?
Rocks?
Popcorn and Salt in a bag?

21. Q: What did the compound say to the solution?
Check this out… 
Q: What did the compound say to the solution?
A: You’re all MIXED UP!

22. 2. Suspensions
a mixture where the particles are large enough to settle out.
Separated by filtering
Examples: salad dressing, blood

23. 3. Colloids Halfway between a solution and a suspension
Particles can’t be filtered
Particles can scatter light – The Tyndale Effect
Examples: mayo, milk, gelatin, whipped cream

24. The Tyndale Effect
Light passes straight through a solution(left) but is scattered by a colloid (right)

25. Characteristics
Heterogeneous
Each part of the mixture retains its own identity
Parts of a mixture do not have a definite ratio
Mixtures CAN be separated using physical methods

26. Ways to Separate Mixtures (physical methods):
Distillation/Condensation
Using a magnet
Centrifuging
Filtering
Evaporation

28. Chemical Methods of breaking down Compounds
Heat
Electrolysis – pass an electric current through. E.g. electrolysis of water to H2 and O2 gases, salt to Na & Cl2 gas
Chemical reactions – Carbonic acid(H2CO3) breaks down to CO2 an H2O, which can break down even further to C, O and H
Cannot be broken with physical methods

29. Distillation in the Lab

30. Decantation Filtration Evaporation

31. I Understand … Comparing Mixtures and Compounds Compounds Mixtures
Components are elements
Components are elements, compounds or both
Components lose their original properties
Components keep their original properties
Separated by chemical means
Separated by physical means
Formed using a set(fixed) mass ratio of components
Formed using any mass ratio of components

32. Separation of a mixture Assignment
How can we separate a mixture of Sand, Salt and Fe filings?
What physical properties are being used?
Design and Write a possible plan to Test it.