1. Chapters 1-2 Test Review AP Government

2. These guys wanted a strong central government and expanded legislative powers.
The Federalists

3. What did the Anti-Federalists fear?
Fear the president will become too powerful
Fear national govt will overpower the states
Want a guarantee of civil liberties for individuals

4. What are the formal ways of amending the Constitution?

5. Explain Representative
Democracy.
The power is in the hands of the
people because the choose the
delegates (representatives) that lead
the country.

6. What is the 3/5th’s Compromise?
South: Wanted slaves counted for population, not taxation. North: Wanted slaves counted for taxation, not population. Compromise: Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for population

7. The institutions through which public policies are made for a society.
Government

8. A solution to a problem that government makes is called
Public Policy

9. Who makes public policy?
Congress, President, Courts, and the Bureaucracy.

10. McCullough vs. Maryland - 1819
This case involves the Necessary and Proper Clause
SC says Congress has the implied power to create a national bank because of its power over financial matters as expressed in the Constitution.
McCullough vs. Maryland

11. What clause of the 14th Amendment is used by the Supreme Court to apply parts of Amendments to the states? What is that process called?
It uses the Due Process Clause (substantive due process). The process is called Selective Incorporation.

12. People with common interests form groups that work to influence public
policy for their benefit. Conflict between
groups = bargaining and compromise
Pluralism

13. Shay’s Rebellion The Constitutional Convention began
because people questioned how well the
government could control itself and maintain
order after this event.
Shay’s Rebellion

14. Hyperpluralism Multitude of groups pull government in
too many directions at the same time
Policy tries to satisfy too many groups. Creates gridlock
Hyperpluralism

15. The New Jersey Plan focused on
_____________ representation and a
_______________ legislature.
Equal Representation and
a unicameral (single) legislature.

16. Congress would be a bicameral legislature
What did the Great Compromise
(Connecticut Plan) involve?
Settled the disputes over the New Jersey and Virginia Plans
Congress would be a bicameral legislature
Representation in the lower house based on population
Equal representation in the upper house (senate).

17. A small number of powerful elite control
government and influence policy for its
own self-interest. Money = influence and
power
Elite Theory

18. Traditional Democratic Theory.
Everyone has a right to participate either
directly or by a representative vote.
Majority vote rules. What Democratic Theory
does this describe?
Traditional Democratic Theory.
Participatory

19. This SC case established the doctrine of “Judicial Review” that the court had the power to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional.
Marbury vs. Madison

20. Reserved – State Power – not specifically granted to
Name the three types of power and
explain each power.
Enumerated – Specifically granted to the Federal
Government.
Reserved – State Power – not specifically granted to
the Federal Govt so reserved to the states.
Concurrent – Federal and State shared powers (tax)

21. Congress has the power to regulate commerce (trade) that crosses state borders. This describes the _______.
Commerce Clause

22. Executive Powers Clause
“The executive power shall be vested in a president of the USA” describes the _____________.
Executive Powers Clause

23. A power that is not specifically authorized in writing, but is assumed because of similar powers which have already been granted in writing. These powers can reasonably be assumed to flow from express powers, though not explicitly mentioned. The legitimacy of these powers flows from the "General Welfare" clause in the Preamble, the "Necessary & Proper Clause", and the "Commerce Clause.“ These are _________
____________.
Implied Powers

24. The biggest complaint about the Constitution when it was
ratified in 1788 was that
It had NO BILL OF RIGHTS! This is
one reason why the Antifederalist
did not want to approve the new
constitution.

25. - No federal court system - Can’t raise taxes - Hard to pass new laws
What are some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
- No federal court system
- Can’t raise taxes
- Hard to pass new laws

26. A power that is not specifically authorized in writing, but is assumed because of similar powers which have already been granted in writing. These powers can reasonably be assumed to flow from express powers, though not explicitly mentioned. The legitimacy of these powers flows from the "General Welfare" clause in the Preamble, the "Necessary & Proper Clause", and the "Commerce Clause.“ These are _____________________.
Implied Powers

27. This establishes that the national government is the ultimate power in the U.S.
Supremacy Clause

28. This stops one branch of government from dominating any
other branch. AKA negative or
checking powers.
checks and balances

29. Necessary and Proper Clause (or Elastic Clause)
The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution their enumerated powers. This describes the _______________.
Necessary and Proper Clause (or Elastic Clause)

30. How can the Legislative Branch check the power of the Executive Branch?
1. Impeach the president.
2. Override a presidential veto.
3. Refuse to approve presidential
appointments to the Supreme
Court, Federal Reserve, the Cabinet, etc.
4. Refuse to ratify treaties.
5. May withold funding for presidential
initiatives.

31. 1. Veto legislation. 2. Adjourn Congress in certain situations.
How can the Executive Branch check the power of the Legislative Branch?
1. Veto legislation.
2. Adjourn Congress in certain
situations.

32. One way Congress may check The power of the Executive Branch is to withhold funding to presidential initiatives or programs.
Power of the purse.

33. This amendment gave states the power not clearly defined by the
federal government. AKA
Reserved Powers.
The tenth Amendment

34. What is the general theme of Federalist 51?
The need for separation of powers and checks and balances in the new government set up by the constitution. This would be the way to prevent tyranny.

35. What was the Articles of Confederation. How was it structured
What was the Articles of Confederation? How was it structured? Why was it considered weak?
U.S.’s first plan of government.  
A. Structure
Unicameral legislative body – Congress
Congressional members chosen by state legislatures
Each state = one vote in congress regardless of population
9 out of the 13 states had to agree before any laws could be passed
Each state had veto power over changes to the Articles
B. No judicial branch
C. No executive branch 
Weaknesses: 
- National Government Could Not:
tax, raise an army, control international trade, no chief
executive, states could coin own money.

36. What is the form of government where a few people rule.
Oligarchy

37. Revise the Articles of Confederation.
The purpose of the First Constitutional Convention in 1787 was to _________
Revise the Articles of Confederation.

38. The “Necessary and Proper Clause” of the U. S
The “Necessary and Proper Clause” of the U.S. Constitution is also known as _______________________.
The “Elastic Clause.”

39. How can the Judicial Branch check the power of the Executive Branch?
Declare laws or executive
orders unconstitutional.

40. How can the Legislative Branch check the power of the Judicial Branch?
1. Impeach judges.
2. Propose Constitutional Amendments
to override judicial decisions.
3. Reject appointments to the Supreme
Court.

41. How can the Judicial Branch check the power of the Legislative Branch?
1. Declare laws unconstitutional.

42. How many states were required to vote yes ratify the U.S. Constitution?
9 of 13

43. The process for removal of an official for treason and high crimes and misdemeanors is called
Impeachment

44. Traditional Democratic Theory.
Everyone has a right to participate either
directly or by a representative vote.
Majority vote rules. What theory of government
does this describe?
Traditional Democratic Theory.
Participatory

45. The idea that government derives its power from the people is known as
Consent of the Governed

46. protect Natural Rights
The purpose of government according to John Locke was
protect Natural Rights

47. The Anti-Federalist’s fear over a strong national government was lessened by the addition of
The Bill of Rights

48. Harold Lasswell defined politics as
Who gets what, when, and how. That society needs procedures to determine what people get.

49. The requirement that a prisoner be brought before a judge in a court of law and informed of the charges against them is called
Writ of Habeas Corpus.

50. A set of 85 essays that advocate the ratification of the Constitution and provide insightful commentary on the nature of the new system of government.
Federalist Papers