1. Waves source acknowledgement
Coasts are shaped by the sea and the action of waves.
The processes that take place are erosion, transportation and deposition.
BBC © 2014

2. Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
Coasts are shaped by the sea and the action of waves.
The processes that take place are erosion, transportation and deposition.

3. Task: Give definitions for the following terms
Task: Give definitions for the following terms. You may use a dictionary/computer.
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition

4. The action of waves
The power of waves is one of the most significant forces of coastal change.
Waves are created by wind blowing over the surface of the sea.
As the wind blows over the sea, friction is created - producing a swell in the water.
The energy of the wind causes water particles to rotate inside the swell,
and this moves the wave forward.

5. The size and energy of a wave is influenced by:
how long the wind has been blowing
the strength of the wind
how far the wave has travelled (the fetch)

6. Waves can be destructive or constructive.
When a wave breaks, water is washed up the beach - this is called the swash.
Then the water runs back down the beach - this is called the backwash.
With a constructive wave, the swash is stronger than the backwash.
With a destructive wave, the backwash is stronger than the swash.
Task: Write definitions for swash and backwash in your glossary.

7. The effects of a high wave: Destructive Waves Task: Give synonyms for the words in red below:
Destructive waves are created in storm conditions.
They are created from big, strong waves when the wind is powerful and has been blowing for a long time.
They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch.
They tend to erode the coast.
They have a stronger backwash than swash.
They have a short wave length and are high and steep.

8. Destructive Waves Tasks: What is meant by “destructive wave”
Destructive Waves Tasks: What is meant by “destructive wave”? What is a destructive wave “destroying”?

9. Constructive Waves
They are created in calm weather and are less powerful than destructive waves.
They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches.
They have a swash that is stronger than the backwash.
They have a long wavelength, and are low in height.
Tasks:
What is meant by “constructive”?
List four things about constructive waves.

10. Constructive Waves Tasks: Why are these waves constructive
Constructive Waves Tasks: Why are these waves constructive? What are they “constructing”? (As well as this picture, look at the following two slides to help you answer these questions.)

11. Swash and backwash: gentle or constructive waves

12. Types of waves
Backwash and Swash

13. Longshore Drift
Task: Read the material below. Write a synonym for each of the words in red.
Waves can approach the coast at an angle because of the direction of the prevailing wind. The swash of the waves carries material up the beach at an angle. The backwash then flows back to the sea in a straight line at 90°. This movement of material is called transportation.
Continual swash and backwash transports material sideways along the coast. This movement of material is called longshore drift and occurs in a zigzag.

14. Longshore Drift
Task: Add the definition for longshore drift into your glossary. See the previous slide for more information.