1. History of Journalism The key stuff to know

2. What is journalism?
Telling a story of things that have happened and will or may happen in the future by means of words and pictures.

3. The first journalism EVER!
The very first recorded drawings were found on the walls of caves. This is how they recorded the events of their life.

4. The First Amendment
The US Constitution (First Amendment) states that Americans have 4 basic freedoms
The freedom of speech
The freedom of religion
The freedom of the press
(to record journalism)
d. The freedom to assemble

5. One little note…
While the 1st Amendment gives us freedom of speech, it limits our freedom of the press. We can only report on stuff that is TRUE.

6. Libel vs. Slander
Libel is a WRITTEN statement about someone that is UNTRUE and harms their reputation/job, etc.

7. Libel vs. Slander cont.
Slander is a SPOKEN statement that is UNTRUE about someone. This is how people get away with saying mean things about other people.

8. Celebrities/Politicians
They KNOWINGLY put themselves into the public limelight and set themselves up for scrutiny by the public, reporters, comedians, etc. There are different rules surrounding them, but you still can’t LIBEL them. (i.e. reporting that Tom Cruise had an affair with Brittney Spears.)

9. Libel vs. Slander cont.
You can only be sued for LIBEL. (Remember we have Freedom of Speech) so…if you write/report about someone and don’t have the facts to back it up, you can be SUED!

10. Johann Gutenberg
Known for creating the first MOVEABLE TYPE PRINTING PRESS. Until then, books were handwritten. It took 13 men 3 years to write one bible.

11. VERY expensive/People couldn’t read
Since it took so long to write just one copy of something, it was very expensive and most people could not afford them. ALSO, most could not read.

12. The birth of the newspaper
With the moveable type press, we could now mass produce copies of books, etc. and thus, the newspaper was created.

13. The Penny Press
It was so inexpensive by now, and people were learning to read, that they sold papers for 1 penny. Now EVERYBODY had access to news and the events around the world.

14. The Penny Press cont.
Knowing everything that was going on now, people were getting upset about religious movements through the Catholic church and other events. All the fighting (because of the press) led to the American Revolutionary War (against Britain.)

15. Yellow Journalism
This is when papers were fighting against each other for readers and they started printing “SENSATIONAL” stories to sell their paper (like The Sun and The National Enquirer.) They can report that Tom Cruise is an alien and people buy it for the stupid stories, but they get away with it.

16. Yellow Journalism Cont.
It was called “Yellow” journalism b/c of a cartoon character that made fun of events. He was called the “Yellow Kid.” Also, yellow was the hardest color to print. (so, 2 reasons)

17. Fast Forward to 1988
Rules about Freedom of the Press changed this year because of a high school newspaper. They still exist today.

18. Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeir
High school reporters wrote a story about pregnant girls in their school. They did not name them, but the principal did not think the story was appropriate for a school paper and he said “NO!” and wouldn’t let them print the story

19. Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeir Cont.
This is called CENSORSHIP!
The high school students sued the school district saying that they had violated their First Amendment rights to Freedom of the Press.

20. Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeir Cont.
The case went all the way to the Supreme Court in Washington, DC, the highest court in the US. The court ruled that….”school administrators may censor certain articles in their school’s publications if they do not feel that the articles fit with the educational goals of the school.”

21. What does that mean?
Now, since that decision in 1988, our First Amendment rights to Freedom of the Press are LIMITED. Our principals can pull (or censor) any article/story they don’t want to run.

22. Where are we going?
Newspaper are fading. Many are closing down or getting smaller. People want their information fast and they are now turning more to TV and Internet and NOW, even Phone Apps! Newspaper could eventually be a thing of the past.