1. Period 2: Chapter 2
“If you don’t know history, then you don’t know anything. You are a leaf that doesn’t know it is part of a tree.”
Michael Crichton
Mrs. Price
APUSH
Characteristics of English Settlements

2. Did geography greatly affect the development of colonial America?

3. Geographic/environmental problems??
Chesapeake Bay
Geographic/environmental problems??

4. The Jamestown Nightmare
“Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.
Game in forests & fish in river uncaught.
Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.
“Starving Time” : Winter of

5. John Smith & Pocahontas

6. Chief Powhatan Powhatan Confederacy
Powhatan dominated a few dozen small tribes in the James River area when the English arrived.
The English called all Indians in the area Powhatans.
Powhatan probably saw the English as allies in his struggles to control other Indian tribes in the region.

7. Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”
Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:
Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing.
Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.
Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.
Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.
Need for cheap, abundant labor.

8. Indentured Servitude Headright System: Indenture Contract:
Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid.
Indenture Contract:
5-7 years.
Promised “freedom dues” [land, £]
Forbidden to marry.
: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

9. First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619.
Their status was not clear  perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants.
Slavery not that important until the end of the 17c.

10. The Atlantic Slave Trade

11. The “Middle Passage”

12. Colonial Slavery
As the number of slaves increased, white colonists reacted to put down perceived racial threat.
Slavery transformed from economic to economic and racial institution.
Early 1600s  differences between slave and servant were unclear.
By the mid-1680s, black slaves outnumbered white indentured servants.

13. Growing Political Power
The House of Burgesses established in 1619
James I grew hostile to Virginia
1624  he revoked the charter = VA became a royal colony, under the king’s direct control
The House of Burgesses established in 1619 & began to assume the role of the House of Commons in England
By the end of the 17c, H of B was able to initiate legislation
James I grew hostile to Virginia
He hated tobacco.
He distrusted the House of Burgesses which he called a seminary of sedition.

14. Growing Conflicts with Natives
peace between Powhatans and the English.
1614 peace sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to Englishman John Rolfe.
 periodic attacks between Indians and settlers.
Virginia Co. called for a “perpetual war” against the Native Americans.
peace between Powhatans and the English.
1614 peace sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to Englishman John Rolfe.
 periodic attacks between Indians and settlers.
1622  Indians attacked the English, killing 347 [including John Rolfe].
Virginia Co. called for a “perpetual war” against the Native Americans.
Raids reduced native population and drove them further westward.
 Second Anglo-Powhatan War
Last effort of natives to defeat English.
Indians defeated again.
Peace Treaty of 1646
Removed the Powhatans from their original land.
Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas!

15. Conflicts Continue 1644-1646  Second Anglo-Powhatan War
Peace Treaty of 1646
Removed the Powhatans from their original land.
Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas!

16. Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676
Led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley
Included poor whites from West
Berkeley driven from Jamestown; rioting occurs
Berkeley’s forces crush the rebellion after Bacon dies
Led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley
Rebels resented Berkeley’s close relations with Indians.
Berkeley monopolized the fur trade with the Indians in the area.
Berkley refused to retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier settlements.
Rebels attacked Indians, whether they were friendly or not to whites.
Governor Berkeley driven from Jamestown.
They burned the capital.
Rebels went on a rampage of plundering.
Bacon suddenly died of fever.
Berkeley brutally crushed the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.

17. Maryland 1. Established by Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
2. Proprietary colony
3. Refuge for English Catholics – Toleration Act

18. Carolinas 1. Northern region: subsistence agriculture, few slaves
2. Southern region: wealthier,
aristocratic society, ties to Caribbean
3. Divided by King in 1729

19. Georgia Last of the 13 colonies. Founded by James Oglethorpe.
Part buffer colony; part social experiment
Tried to keep slavery out
Slavery found in GA by 1750

20. New England Colonies, 1650

21. Has Puritanism shaped American values?

22. New England Plymouth (1620) 1. Separatist Puritans
2. Mayflower Compact
* Agreement to form crude
govt. & submit to majority
rule
3. Merged with Mass. Bay

23. Massachusetts Bay 1. Founded for economic & religious reasons
2. Non-separatist Puritans
3. Theocratic Society (City upon a hill)
* John Winthrop: 1st Governor
4. Challenges: R. Williams & A. Hutchinson

24. Puritan “Rebels” Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson

25. Rhode Island 1636  Roger Williams fled there.
RI becomes known as the “Sewer”
because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters  More liberal than any other colony!

26. New England cont. Connecticut 1. Thomas Hooker
2. Fundamental Orders of CT (1639)
New Hampshire (1679)
Maine (part of MA until 1820)
Conflicts with Natives
1. Pequot War (1637)
2. King Philip’s War (1675)

27. Middle Colonies New York 1. Captured from Dutch
2. Diverse & prosperous
New Jersey
1. Diverse
2. Small farmers

28. Middle Colonies cont. Delaware Pennsylvania 1. Proprietor: W. Penn
1. Closely associated with PA
Pennsylvania
1. Proprietor: W. Penn
3. Well-advertised
4. Good relations with Indians
5. Charter of Liberties (1701)

29. Caribbean Colonies Over ½ of English settled in the islands
Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica, Barbados
Raised crops for export
(sugar)

30. Navigation Acts Began in 1660 Restrictions on colonial trade
Taxed coastal colonial trade