1. Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
Chapters 33
Africa, the Middle East, and Asia

2. Important terms 33 Green Revolution Gandhi Saddam Hussein Apartheid
Nelson Mandela

3. Chapter 33 Terms Neocolonialism Hasan al-Banna J Nehru Nkrumah’s Ghana
New nations “controlled” by former rulers
How can you control a nation without military force?
Hasan al-Banna
Led Muslim Brotherhood
Egyptian reform group (founded 1928)
J Nehru
1st leader of independent India
reformer
Nkrumah’s Ghana
Old Gold Coast (not the empire)
Ruled by Kwame Nkrumah (dictator)
Political and economic programs failed (ousted 1966)
Nkrumah nn-KROO-muh

4. Chapter 33 Terms Idi Amin Gamal Abdul Nasser Ayatollah Khomeini
Military dictator Uganda
Gamal Abdul Nasser
Member of Free Officers movement
Seized power from khedive in Egypt (1952)
Became leader of Egypt
Ayatollah Khomeini
Religious leader of Iran (1979 revolution)
Muslim fundamentalist (eliminate W influence)

5. Idi Amin
“His excellency President for Life,Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin, VC, DSO, MC, Lord of all Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea, and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in particular and the most ubiquitous of all King of Scotland”
Ubiquitous- everywhere, all knowing

6. Chapter 33 Suez Canal F.W. de Klerk Nelson Mandela
Connects Mediterranean and Red Seas
Why is this important?
F.W. de Klerk
White SA pm
Helped to end apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Worked to end Apartheid
1st black president of free SA

7. Bantu Migration Language family (Niger-Congo)
Migrate from W Africa (Nigeria)
1000 BCE to 1700 CE
E and S (Begin to dominate the S)
Zulu and Xhosa (Zhosa) and others
Brought agriculture
Shaka Zulu
Great Zimbabwe (founded by Shona)
Shona is a tribe

10. Africa Post-colonial problems
Europeans leave
1. Had colonized without thought to boundaries
WHY is this a problem?
Keep boundaries Scared minorities might try further change
2. Lacked technological and management skills
3. Population growth (spurred by Europeans HOW?)
A. New world crops D. ended local wars
B. outlawed birth control E. Railroads cut down on famine
C. Decrease disease
4. Power grabs and corruption
Many military leaders take over*** PROBLEMS?
One of the worst was Uganda

11. Population problems African society (High birth rates)
Lack of education of HBR problems
Procreation shows virility and strength (no bc)
Male children are critical to female standing
Some feel children are necessary for lineage
High mortality rates encouraged high birth rates
Mortality rates decline but birth rates continue

12. Move to cities Why? Problems? Specialists concluded:
Slums are only urban housing poor can find
Supply them sanitation and electricity
RESULT
Parasitic societies (Diminish natural resources)
Take from already lacking rural areas
1. Soil depletion (poor farming)
2. Deforestation
3. Industrial pollution
Cities spread without planning causes large slum areas

13. Egypt Muslim Brotherhood (1928) By whom? Free Officers coup (led by?)
Want:
1. Fundamentalism 3. trade unions
2. Land reform 4. religious unity
Didn’t like wealthy Egyptians or Europeans
Strikes, riots, assassinations
Free Officers coup (led by?)
Egypt defeated in Arab-Israeli War (1948)
British control of Suez Canal

14. Egypt after 1952 Anwar Sadat
1. State financed education through college
2. Gov employment programs
3. Subsidies to lower food costs
4. land redistribution (limit max amount)
5. Foreign properties seized
British forced out of Suez Canal (1956)
Most Reforms failed (population issues and loss of W$)
Six-Day War failed vs Israel (1967)
ASWAN HIGH DAM (Few things that did work well)
Anwar Sadat
Try to fix Nasser’s failures
Similar to Soviet Union programs

15. India Nehru More successful than most (3rd world) Problems
Preserving civil rights and democracy HOW?
1. Developed communications
2. Middle class
3. Industrial and scientific sectors
Problems
1. Population exceeds resources
2. Wealthy landlords

16. Iran Unique Regime angers many leads to revolution
Not colonized (no W educated, little infrastructure)
Regime angers many leads to revolution
Ayatollah Khomeini (1979)
Joined religion and politics (Term for that?)
Reforms fail
War with Iraq drains resources

17. South Africa Nationalist Party (1948) Stay in power: SOUND FAMILIAR?
Apartheid
Stay in power:
1. Arrest opposition
2. police state
3. use spies and informers
4.Divide opponents of Apartheid (favoritism)
SOUND FAMILIAR?
Apartheid ends (1994)
Mandela
De Klerk (Afrikaner)