1. Flue Gas Treatment using Industrial EB Accelerators - Status and Challenges Andrzej G. Chmielewski Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
NICSTAR-2018
NAARRI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Advanced Applications of Radiation Technology
March , 2018
Hotel Courtyard by Marriott, Mumbai, India
TANGO 2

2. Fossil fuels

3. Environmental impact

5. Wet FGD + SCR

6. Electron beam

7. radiothermal SO2 + OH* + M  HSO3 + M HSO3 + O2  SO3 + HO2*
SO3 + H2O  H2SO4
H2SO4 + 2NH3  (NH4)2SO4
thermal
SO2 + 2NH3  (NH3)2SO2
(NH3)2SO2 --> (NH4)2SO4
1. H. Namba: Materials of UNDP(IAEA)RCA Regional Training Course on Radiation Technology for Environmental Conservation TRCE-JAERI, Takasaki, September/October 1993,
2. A.G. Chmielewski: Nukleonika 45(1) (2000) 31

8. NO oxidation NO + O(3P) + M  NO2 + M O(3P) + O2 + M  O3 + M
NO + O3 + M  NO2 + O2 + M
NO + HO2* + M  NO2 + OH* +M
NO + OH* + M  HNO2 +M
HNO2 + OH*  NO2 + H2O
NO2 removal
NO2 + OH* + M  HNO3 + M
HNO3 + NH3  NH4NO3
H. Namba: Materials of UNDP(IAEA)RCA Regional Training Course on Radiation Technology for Environmental Conservation TRCE-JAERI, Takasaki, September/October 1993,

9. NO + N(4S)  N2 + O NO2 + N(4S)  N2O + O N(2D) + NH3  NH* + NH2*
NO + NH2*  N2 + H2O
NO2 + NH2*  N2O + H2O
NO + NH*  N2 + OH*
NO2 + NH*  N2O + OH*
H. Namba: Materials of UNDP(IAEA)RCA Regional Training Course on Radiation Technology for Environmental Conservation TRCE-JAERI, Takasaki, September/October 1993,

11. EPS Kawęczyn

13. EPS Pomorzany

14. EPS Pomorzany

15. Results

16. NPK Fertilizer

17. Pilot plant, China

18. The IEB-FGC Lab INET, Tsinghua University

19. Flue Gas Cleaning Plant in Changdu, China

20. Pilot Plant in Maritsa East 2 Thermal Plant

21. BULGARIA

22. Oil fired boiler

23. General view of the pilot plant
1- stack of F 1001 boiler bag filter
2- boiler F insulated duct part
3-flue gas duct cyclone
4-control room ammonia storage and injection unit
5-humidification unit EB mobile unit
6-pilot plant stack

24. Pilot plant process units
inlet to process vessel, ID fan
EB-TECH mobile unit, stack
cyclone,
cartridge filter

25. Process vessel

26. EB mobile unit (EBTECH)

27. Monitoring system

28. Limits for heavy metals content in NPK fertilizer 41 39 300 17 420 As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni Zn
Remarks
<0.02
<0.01
0.43
0.03
1.01
<0.03
63.5
18.3
averaged values for byproducts collected by cartridge bag filter
0.24
0.09
1.61
0.54
1.41
22.80
1476
byproducts collected by ESP
Limits for heavy metals content in NPK fertilizer 41 39
300 17
420
2800
US EPA CFR40 Part 75 20
150
500 5
180
1350
Canadian Fertilizer Act (1996) 50
140 2
Polish standard
32.2
276.8
12.9
17.8
72.3
mean values of heavy metals concentrations in fertilizers marketed
Contents of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the byproduct and limits for heavy metals content in the NPK fertilizer established in some countries

29. CARGO SHIPS

30. Flow process and typical exhaust gas composition for 2-stroke diesel engine

31. A Hybrid SOx scrubbing system , operating in closed loop

32. SCR + FGD systems integration

33. The general scheme of the electron beam interaction with the flue gas

34. NO + O(3P) + M → NO2 + M (M is a third inert body in the reaction system)
O(3P) + O2 + M → O3 + M
NO + O3 + M → NO2 + O2 + M
NO + HO2∙ + M → NO2 + ∙OH + M
SO2 + ∙OH + M → ∙HSO3 + M
∙HSO3 + O2 → SO3 + HO2∙
NO2 + ∙OH + M → HNO3 + M
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
Main reactions

35. EB +SWS+ OX block diagram
1)inlet to the installation, 2) inlet gas parameters, 3) heat exchanger (outlet temperature 70-90o C), 4) process chamber, 5) accelerator, 6) accelerator’s shelter, 7) wet simple spray tower scrubber, 8) demister, 9) outlet gas parameters (of scrubber), 10) process water (fresh), 11) NaClO2, 12) Michaelis buffer Na2HPO4 and KH2PO4 , 13) seawater, 14) NaCl solution, 15) fresh water, 16) centrifugal separator, 17) sludge tank, 18) post-reaction water tank, 19) monitoring system of post-reaction water, 20) sewage or sea, 21) exhaust fan, 22) stack 23) recirculation (optional)
EB +SWS+ OX block diagram

36. The comparison of the NOX removal efficiency between technology using electron beam only, hybrid technology, where electron beam was coupled with wet scrubber and hybrid technology, where electron beam was coupled with wet scrubber as well as with NaClO2 and buffer (the inlet SO2 concentration was 700 ppm and NO was 1000 ppm), where
: EB – Irradiation of gases with electron beam from accelerator, SWS – Sea water scrubber, buffer – Michelis buffer
Hybrid technology

37. Conceptual scheme of the installation using EB technology for SOx and NOx removal as applied onboard, water closed or hybrid system

39. Electron accelerator with linear cathode

40. PAH treatment naphtalene acenaphtene anthracene fluoranthene pyrene
benzo(a)pyrene
dibenzo(a,h) anthracene
PAH treatment

41. VOC treatment (exp.vs.modeling)
Toluene, benzene over 50 kinetic equations in each case;SOx, NOx in presence of VOC

42. MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATION JAERI, Takasaki, Japan
Electron accelerator & Irradiation vessel
Flue gas out
Stack
Electron accelerator
House for test
Irradiation vessel
Self-shielded type and Curtain beams
300 keV max. and 40 mA max.

43. EB/Catalyst Konkuk , ROK
Acceleration of Electron
Irradiation of Electron
Activation of Catalyst
& Oxidation of
by-Products
VOC Removal by Radical Reaction
N2, O2, H2O, etc. e-
OH , N , H , HO2 , O radicals
VOC
CO2 , O3 , By-products
VOC Decomposition by EB
Oxidation by Catalyst
radical
Surface Activation
Surface Reforming
Oxidation of by-products
& VOC
Catalyst O3 43

44. Conclusions EBFGT is the most advanced technology for simultaneous
SOx and NOx removal
Feasibility of the technology has been demonstrated for
coal fired plant in the full industrial scale
Feasibility of the technology has been demonstrated for oil
fired boiler in pilot industrial scale
The process can be applied for diesel engine flue gas
treatment at cargo ships (laboratory tests)
The process can be applied for VOC and PAH treatment
(laboratory and industrial pilot tests)
The process can be applied for mercury emission control
(laboratory tests)

45. Thank you !