1. Clay County, Indiana THE INDIANA PREVENTION RESOURCE CENTER
GIS in Prevention County Profiles Series, No. 3
Clay County, Indiana
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
The Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by the Department of Applied Health Science and The School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation.

2. GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3
Clay County, Indiana
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
Project Staff:
Ritika Bhawal, MPH
Solomon Briggs
Kyoungsun Heo, MPA
Srinivasa Konchada
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University accepts full Responsibility for the content of this publication. ©2005 The Trustees of Indiana University. Permission is extended to reproduce this County Profile for non-profit educational purposes. All other rights reserved.

3. 6.16 - 6.26 Archival Risk Factors
Community Risk Factors: Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation
6.16 Unemployment
6.17 Free Lunch/Textbooks
6.18 Food Stamp Recipients
6.19 TANF
6.20 Adults w/o HS Diploma
6.21 Single Parent Family Households
Poverty: Introduction
6.22 Total Poverty and by Age
6.23 Families with Own Children in Poverty
6.24 Poverty by Race
6.25 Single Parent Families in Poverty
6.26 Lack of Health Insurance

4. 6.16 Unemployment Rates
Extreme deprivation, either due lack of sufficient funds for basic necessities or due to lack of sufficient social support (e.g., parenting, mentoring and role modeling) has known detrimental implications for child development and creates a high risk environment for the community. This section will explore data related to various forms of extreme deprivation in the county. The archival indicators included by CSAP for this risk factor include unemployment, free and reduced school lunch, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamp recipients, adults without a high school diploma, and single parent households. To these variables, PREV-STAT™ adds total poverty statistics, child poverty by age group, and single-parent families living in poverty, and lack of health insurance coverage.
Unemployment rates from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Unemployment Rates - Annual (Percents)
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
2000
4.0(q)
2.9 4
2001
5.9(t)
4.2
4.7
2002
6.4(t)
5.2
5.8
2003
5.8(t)
5.3 6
2004
5.5
2005
6.9(d)
5.4
5.1
Table 6.16: Unemployment Rates, January of 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for county and Indiana reported by

5. 6.17 Free/Reduced Lunch/Textbooks
The following table shows the percent of students in grades K-12 who received free lunch and textbooks, according to the Department of Education, and also the change over the past 2 years, for this county and for the state.
Table 6.17: Percent of Children Eligible for Free Lunches/Textbooks, K-12, 2003 (*Department of Education, Division of School and Community Nutrition Programs, 2004), 2003 (** Ibid., 2005), and the Change from 2003 to 2004.
Free Lunch/Textbook (DOE)
Clay
Indiana
2004
27.7
26.1
2003
25.4
24.6
% Change
2.3
1.5
Rank for 2004 % 29

6. 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients
CSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau as reported in the Indiana Youth Institute Kids Count in Indiana The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The following table shows the rate for 2004 for this county with comparisons for the state and nation.
Table 6.18: Food Stamp Recipients per Month in 2004 (FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005) and Rate per 1,000 Total Population for 2004 and 2005 and Change in Rate (calculations from the IPRC based on data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2004 and 2005).
Food Stamps, 2004 (FSSA, Family Resources Bureau, 2006)
Clay
Indiana
Population, 2004
26,843
6,230,346
Food Stamp Recipients per mo., 2004
2,383
516,360
Rate per 1000 persons, 2004
88.8
82.9
Rate per 1000 persons, 2003
79.9
73.1
Change in Rate per 1,000 from 2003 to 2004
8.9
9.8
Rank for 2004 Rate per 1,000 Persons 22

7. 6.19 Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF)
CSAP calculates this indicator as the rate of persons of all ages who participate in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (TANF in Indiana), stating the rate as the number per 1,000 persons. This table shows the average monthly average statistics for families and for recipients from the county and for Indiana as reported by the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Family and Children. PREV-STAT™ has calculated the rate of TANF recipients per month per 1000 residents of the county.
Table 6.19: Temporary Aid to Needy Families as Rate per 1,000 Total Population (*data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005)
TANF Statistics for 2004 (FSSA)
Clay
Indiana
Population
26843
6,230,346
Average Monthly Cases
232
54,330
Average Monthly Persons
643
155,549
Rate of TANF per 1,000 persons
24.0
25.0
Rank for Rate per 1,000 persons 18

8. 6.20 Adults w/out a High School Diploma
Lack of education places a person at extreme disadvantage in many areas of life, including health and income potential. CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of persons aged 25 and older who have reached 9th-12th grades but without obtaining a high school diploma. The following table presents 3 statistics for persons over 25 in the county: the percent who have not completed 9th grade; the percent who attended high school but did not graduate; and the percent whose educational attainment is less than a high school diploma (the sum of the first 2 statistics), compared with the state and the nation. This information points to need and also is important to prevention planning for marketing and for activities involving parents and other adults.
Table 6.20: Adults Who Have Not Finished High School (AGS, est., 2005)

9. Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

10. Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

11. Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005
Indiana Prevention Resource Center

12. Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

13. Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

14. Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005
Indiana Prevention Resource Center

15. 6.21 Single Parent Family Households
CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of family households with a spouse absent. The following table reports the percent of households with children where one parent is absent.
Types of Households w/ Children and Median Family Income, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)
County
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
HHs w/ children (2004)
3,756
864,296
40,102,709
Married Couple Family (Percent)
74.7 70 69
Lone Parent Male (Percent)
6.7
6.9
6.8
Lone Parent Female (Percent)
17.1
21.8
23.2
Non-family Male Head (Percent)
1.5
1.1
0.8
Non-family Female Head (Percent)
0.1
0.2
Median Family Income
44,941
54,393
54,087
Rank for Married Couple Family (% of HHs w/ children) 41
26th of 51
Rank for Median Family Income 77
21st of 51
Table 6.21: Single Parent Families (AGS, 2004 est., 2005)
In addition to the above risk factors listed by CSAP, PREV-STAT™ includes additional basic demographic statistics on total poverty, child poverty and poverty by age group, single parent families living in poverty, lack of health insurance, and households with no vehicle.

16. Map: Single Parent Families
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

17. Map: Single Parent Families (contour)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

18. Map: Single Parent Families (prism)
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005
Indiana Prevention Resource Center

19. Map: Single Moms with Children under 18
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

20. Map: Single Moms (contour)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

21. Map: Single Moms (prism)
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005
Indiana Prevention Resource Center

22. 6. 22 Community Risk Factor -- Poverty
Poverty can be calculated based on the total population or subsets of the population. It can be expressed as a count of persons or as a percent of persons. The poverty statistics presented in this report come from the 2000 U.S. Census, SF3 figures published in 2003.
Looking at the total population of persons living in a place, the poverty rate can be expressed as the number or count of persons living in poverty or as the percent of the total population in poverty. For example, in Indiana, as of the 2000 census, there were 559,484 persons living in poverty or 9% percent of the total population. This means that 9 of every 100 persons living in Indiana lived in poverty. By age, 2 of every 100 Indiana children ages 6-17 in the year 2000 lived in poverty, hence 2%.
Looking at the population of persons who live in poverty (that 9% of the total population), it can be very useful to understand what their ages are. If we consider all persons living in poverty in Indiana as a group, we learn from the 2000 Census that of that group 11% were between the ages of 0 and 4 years, 2% were 5 years old, 11% were 6-11, and 9% were years old.
This description of poverty risk factors will report on total poverty and poverty by age group, on poverty and child poverty as percent of all persons living in poverty, poverty by race, and on single parent families in poverty.

23. 6.22a Total Poverty and Poverty by Age
The following table shows total poverty and poverty by age of the total population of the county with comparisons to the state of Indiana and the nation.
Poverty: Total Poverty and Poverty by Age Group (Percent), US Census
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
Total Persons
9.6 10
12.5
0-17 Yrs.
13.7
17.6
5-17 Yrs.
11.3
11.4
n/a
Rank for All Persons 37
Rank for Ages 0-17 34
Rank for 5-17Ages 39
Table 6.22a: Total Poverty and Poverty by Age as Percent (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006)

24. 6.22b Total Poverty and Poverty by Age
The following table shows child poverty for children ages 0-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county.
Child Poverty, Ages 0-17, 2003 est. (US Census on Stats IN 2006)
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
Number in Poverty
934
217076
12.9 million
Rank for Number 54
90% Confidence Interval
691 to 1,177
196,861 to 237,291
Percent in Poverty
13.7
17.6
10.2 to 17.3
12.4 to 14.9
Rank for Percent 34
Table 6.22b: Children Ages 0-17 in Poverty as Number and Percent (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006)

25. 6.22c Total Poverty and Poverty by Age
The following table shows child poverty for children ages 5-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county.
Poverty by Age, 5-17, 2003 est. (US Census Bureau , Stats IN, 2006)
County
Clay
Indiana
Number
560
129,513
Rank 58
90% Confidence Interval
392 to 728
114,258 to 144,768
Percent
11.3
11.4
Rank among IN counties 39
7.9 to 14.7
10.0 to 12.7
Table 6.22c: Children Ages 5-17 in Poverty as Number and Percent (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006)

26. 6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty
The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state.
Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
Percent of All Families Below Poverty As Percent of All Families
7.1
9.4
Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children
11.1
11.6
15.1
Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty 7
4.1
6.9
Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty
17.5
22.1 25
Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty
27.5
34.9
39.8
Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty
24.6
31.8
36.4
Table 6.23: Families with Own Children in Poverty (Claritas 2004 Updates, 2005)

27. 6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty
The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state.
Rankings of Counties and State for Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004
Clay
IN in US
Percent of All Families Below Poverty 36
Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children 44 35
Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty 14 42
Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 66 32
Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 70 34
Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty 67
Table 6.23: Rankings for Families with Own Children in Poverty (Claritas 2004 Updates, 2005)

28. Map: Families with Children in Poverty
No. of Families w/ Children under 18 as
Percent of All Families with Children under 18
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Claritas, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

29. 6.24 Poverty by Race
In the effort to understand the dynamics a community, its needs and how best to design and carry-out prevention programs to meet those needs, it is helpful to analyze data by many different variables. Poverty is an example of how this principle applies. Rates of poverty differ not only between age groups but also in conjunction with other variables, such as race/ethnicity and marital and parenting status. PREV-STAT™ can help the prevention professional look at such combinations of variables to identify an area of need or to better understand a target audience. First we report on poverty and race, secondly on marital status, parent status and poverty (single parents in poverty).
Table 6.24: Poverty by Race, 2000 (U.S. Census 2K, SF3 Indiana)
Poverty Statistics by Race (Percent of Group in Poverty), 2000
Clay Co.
Indiana
U.S.
Black
 0%
23%
25%
Asian 6%
16%
13%
Hispanic/Latino
12% 
18%
White
9%  8% 9%

30. 6.25 Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty
The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation.
Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
Percent of All Families Below Poverty As Percent of All Families
7.1
9.4
Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children
11.1
11.6
15.1
Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty 7
4.1
6.9
Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty
17.5
22.1 25
Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty
27.5
34.9
39.8
Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty
24.6
31.8
36.4
Table 6.25: Single Parent Families as Percent of All Persons in Poverty (Claritas™, 2004 est., 2005)

31. 6.25 Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty
The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation.
Rankings of Counties and State for Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004
Clay
IN in US
Percent of All Families Below Poverty 36
Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children 44 35
Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty 14 42
Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 66 32
Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty 70 34
Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty 67
Table 6.25: Rankings for Single Parent Families as Percent of All Persons in Poverty (Claritas™, 2004 est., 2005)

32. Map: Single Moms w/ Children under 18 in Poverty
(20)
(11)
(21)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Claritas, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

33. Map: Single Parents Below Poverty
No. of Single Parents w/ Children under 18 as
Percent of All Single Parents with Children under 18
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Claritas, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005

34. 6.26 Lack of Health Insurance
We consider lack of health insurance to be a form of extreme deprivation. Research has shown that two of the strongest indicators of self-reported health status and routine preventative care are having a consistent source of medical care and having health insurance. Where either is absent there is a higher risk of health problems and particularly of not receiving preventative care. Lack of health insurance is often associated with lack of employment or underemployment, poverty, being in transition, and/or undocumented immigrant status. The following table shows rates of health insurance coverage for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation.
Percent of Persons 18 and over with No Health Insurance, 2005, est. (AGS, 2006)
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
Current Year Population 18 years and over
20,331
4,676,573
233,030,794
Percent of Pop 18 and over with No Health Insurance
26.2%
27.9%
33.1%
Rank for No Health Insurance 60
37th of 51
Table 6.26a: Insurance Coverage, 2004 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2004, 2005)

35. 6.26b Source of Health Insurance
The source of health insurance provides insight into the circumstances of the individual. A county where more people are receiving Medicaid or Medicare are more subject to the impact of legislation that would affect those programs. A county where more people are receiving insurance from a union may be impacted by factory closures and outsourcing of jobs. Insurance from jobs is a sign of employment status. The following table shows the sources of health insurance for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation.
Health Insurance Source, 2005 est. (AGS, 2006)
Clay
Indiana
U.S.
Member of HMO or pre-paid group health care program
19.7
23.4
24.3
From a union
3.9
3.6
3.4
From a place of work
44.3
46.8
44.9
From fraternal member group 1
0.9
From a union or from work
48.2
50.4
48.3
Medicaid
5.4
4.4
4.1
RANK, Src HMO or Pre-Pd Gr Plan 52
29th of 51
RANK, Src Union or Pl of Wk 51
20th of 51
RANK, Medicaid 33
16th of 51
Table 6.26b: Source of Insurance Coverage, 2004 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2004, 2005)

36. Map: No Health Insurance
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance
2004 est., 2005

37. Map: Health Insurance from Union or Work
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance
2004 est., 2005