1. Matter

2. Matter Stuff that objects are made of
Anything that has mass and volume
3 Types
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures

3. Phases of Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Animation

4. Solids Definite Shape and Volume Strong Intermolecular Forces
Particles are close together
Particles are arranged in neat, orderly lines
Particles do move – shake, vibrate
Animation
High melting and boiling points
Designated by (s)
Examples:
Au(s), Fe(s) , H2O(s)

5. Liquids Indefinite Shape Definite Volume
Midrange Intermolecular Forces
Particles are somewhat close together
Flow freely
Designated by (l)
Examples:
Br(l), Hg(l), H2O(l)

6. Gases NO definite Shape or Volume Weak Intermolecular Forces
Particles will spread out to fill the shape and volume of a container
Weak Intermolecular Forces
Particles are far apart
Particles are very disorganized
Particles quickly move all over
Low melting and boiling points
Designated by (g)
Examples:
Ne(g), O2(g) , H2O(g)

7. Melting and Boiling Points
Use Reference Table S to find the melting and boiling points of a solid, a liquid, and a gas
Element
Melting Point
Boiling Point

8. Physical Properties Physical Changes
Characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance (no new substance is formed)
Examples: Color, Hardness, melting point
Physical Changes
Changes that occur without changing the identity of the substance
Examples: Cutting, Ripping, Phase Changes

9. Physical/Chemical Change Song
Chemical Properties
Characteristics that canNOT be observed without changing the identity of the substance (a new substance is formed)
Examples: Reactivity, Flammability
Chemical Changes
A change that results in a new substance
Examples: Burning, Rusting
Physical/Chemical Change Song

10. Physical/Chemical Examples
Indicate if each of the following is physical or chemical
The boiling point of water is 100oC.
Antacids will neutralize stomach acid.
Diamonds will cut glass.
Most metals conduct electricity.
The density of NH3 is 0.77g/L.
Solution A and B are reacted together and a precipitate (solid) is formed.

11. Classification of Matter
All matter can be classified as one of the following:
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures

12. All matter can be described as:
Homogeneous – uniform throughout
Heterogeneous – different throughout
Classify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous
A glass of water
Italian salad dressing
Turkey and gravy
Milk
Orange juice with pulp
Orange juice without pulp

13. Substances Type of Matter – Element, Compound
All samples have identical properties and composition
They are homogeneous

14. Elements Composed entirely of atoms with the same atomic number
Cannot be decomposed
Found on the Periodic Table
Begin with a capital letter
Homogeneous
Examples: Cu, Fe, O2, Ne
Diatomic Element = contains two of the same atoms (O2, H2)

15. Compounds Composed of at least 2 different elements
Elements are chemically combined (bonded)
Homogeneous

16. Compounds
Can be decomposed (by chemical means) into 2 or more elements
Electrolysis, Reactions
The properties of the component elements are usually very different from the properties of the compound
Combined in a definite ratio
In Sodium Chloride (NaCl) the Na and Cl must combine in a 1:1 ratio
Examples: MgO, H2O, NaCl
Binary Compound = contains 2 different elements

17. Mixtures Combination of 2 or more substances
No chemical change occurs (No bond is formed)

18. Mixtures Parts retain their individual properties
Can be separated by physical means
Filtering, Magnetism, Distillation, Density
Can combine in varying ratios
The amount of salt in salt water can vary

19. Mixtures Can be heterogeneous Can be homogeneous
Concrete, Dirt, Chocolate Chip Cookie
Can be homogeneous
Gases (Air)
Aqueous Solutions – a solution made with water
NaCl(aq) = salt is dissolved in water

20. Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed

21. Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed
The mass before a reaction must be equal to the mass after the reaction

22. Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
The amount of energy remains constant, however it may transfer forms