1. Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions
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Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions
Created by: Marci Russell
Bandung International School

2. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
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Atoms:
The smallest part of an element.
Elements:
A substance made of only one type of atom.
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3. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Each element is given a symbol.
Pg. 3 of the text
Where do we find these 151 known elements?
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Element song:

4. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Depending on their melting points, elements are…
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Gas
Liquid
Solid
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5. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Elements are organized using the periodic table.
Elements with similar properties are grouped.
Metals on the left
Non-metals on the right
Metalloids in between
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6. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
METALS are:
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Usually solid at room temperature.
Malleable – can be hammered into shape
Ductile - can be drawn into wires.
Usually conduct electricity and heat well
Alloys are impure metals
Physical properties of metals:

7. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Non-metals are…
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Usually at the far right on the periodic table (except H)
Usually gases
Not malleable
Not ductile

8. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Metalloids…
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In between metals and non-metals
Shiny like metal but easy to break like non-metals
Sometimes they conduct electricity

9. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
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Substances made of two or more different kinds of atoms.
Their properties are different than that of atoms that make them up
They are formed by chemical reactions.
Represented by chemical formulas.

10. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Chemical Formulas…
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Tell which elements are present and how many atoms there are of each element.
H2O
How many hydrogen atoms?
How many oxygen atoms?
C6H12O

11. 1.1 Elements and Compounds
Safe disposal of compounds
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Some are hazardous to people or the environment.
Guidelines have been developed by authorities.

12. 1.2 Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions: Chemical Equations
Bonds form or break between atoms changing the substance.
Represent chemical reactions.
Show reactants and products.
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13. 1.2 Chemical Reactions Physical Change: Chemical Change:
No new substances are formed
New substances are formed.

14. How do you identify chemical reactions?
Gas
Heat or light
Δ in mass
Permanent Δ in color
Formation of precipitate.
Physical vs. Chemical change:

15. 1.2 Chemical Reactions Useful gases: Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Hydrogen
Cooking
Fire extinguishers
Photosynthesis
Oxygen
Necessary for living things for respiration.
Combustion (burning)
Hydrogen
Balloons
Flammable and dangerous
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16. 1.3 Reaction Rate How can we speed up reactions?
How can we slow down reactions?
Increasing temperature
Increasing concentration
Using smaller particles
Using a catalyst
Decreasing temperature
Decreasing concentration
Using large particles
Not using a catalyst

17. 1.4 Acids and Bases What are acids? What are bases? Sour taste
Burns skin
Examples:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Acetic Acid (vinegar)
Citric Acid (lemons)
Soluble in water
Bitter taste
Soapy feel
Examples:
Soaps
Drain cleaner
Ammonia
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18. The pH Scale Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8tTELZD5Ek
1.4 Acids and Bases
The pH Scale Video:

19. 1.4 Acids and Bases What is pH?
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pH is a scale used to measure the strength of an acid or base

20. 1.4 Acids and Bases Indicators:
Reactions of acids and bases.
Something that changes colors under different conditions.
Some vague and some specific.
Neutralization reaction – when acids and bases (alkalis) are mixed.

21. Chapter Review Questions
Pg. 30