1. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

2. Mendel 1850 ish –1865 wrote paper on work, no recognition
Austrian Monk
Educated at university; studied math and science; statistics
Gardener; worked alone

3. Mendel used garden peas for his studies because:
They have 7 contrasting traits
They are self pollinating
They produce many generations in a short time.
They are easy to grow and maintain

4. Dominant and Recessive Pea Traits
Dominant Traits
Tall
Colored Seed Coats
Axial Flowers
Green Pea Pods
Inflated Pea Pods
Yellow Peas
Round Peas
Recessive Traits
Short
White Seed Coats
Terminal Flowers
Yellow Pea Pods
Constr-icted
Pea Pods
Green Peas
Wrinkled Peas

5. Dominant and Recessive Pea Traits
Seed Color
Pod Appearance
Seed Texture
Pod color
Flower Position
Seed Coat Color

6. MENDEL’S PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE
Skill
MENDEL’S PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE

7. Law of Dominance
-states that some alleles are dominant whereas others are recessive.

8. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular trait will always have that trait expressed.
An organism with a recessive allele for a particular trait will only have that trait expressed when the dominant allele is not present

9. Genotype (genetic makeup)
TT represents a homozygous dominant genotype.
tt represents a homozygous recessive genotype.
Tt represents a heterozygous genotype

10. Homozygous
When an organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait .
Ex. HH hh SS tt gg PP

11. Heterozygous
When an organism has two different alleles for a particular trait .
Ex. Hh Tt Ss Uu Pp Ww

12. Phenotype (physical characteristics)
TT or Tt -would have a phenotype of tall
tt -would have a phenotype of short.

13. Law of Segregation
The two factors (genes) separate during the formation of egg or sperm. (only 1 for each trait in the gamete).

14. Law of Independent Assortment
*The segregation of the alleles of one trait does not affect the segregation of the alleles of another trait.
*Genes on separate chromosomes separate independently during meiosis.

15. ____Gene ____Homozygous ____ Allele ____Heterozygous ____ Phenotype
Part of the genetic information referring to a trait
The 2 genes for a trait are the same, TT or tt
The exact gene combination for a trait; Tt
Genes that refer to an observable trait
Appearance of the organism for a trait
The two genes for a trait are contrasting; Tt
____Gene
____Homozygous
____ Allele
____Heterozygous
____ Phenotype
____ Genotype