1. Classical Period

3. Style of music from Classical period
Away from long lines; Toward graceful, detailed elaboration
Light, flowing melodic style free from complexities of polyphony
Short, simple, regular phrases that were predictable
Homophonic – melody over accompaniment moving together
Use of dance rhythms

4. Style of music from Classical period
Variety and contrast were used
Increased use of crescendo, decrescendo & sforzando
Frequent changes in mood
Orchestra increased in size
Harpsichord was replaced by the piano as a solo instrument

5. The rise of the music industry
Italian opera continued to flourish
Operas also began to be produced for common folks in their native languages
Music publishing began to make the favorite songs from the newest operas available for the public to purchase & play
Instruments began to be produced that were affordable for common folk
Concerts for the public began to be given

6. Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Born in Austria
Joined church choir at age 8
Learned to play the violin and keyboard instruments
His most original ideas were in his string quartets and symphonies (an extended orchestral work in several movements, usually 3 or 4)
String Quartets were designed for amateur musicians

7. Haydn’s music Wrote more symphonies than anyone else.
Called the “Father of the Symphony”
12 symphonies were his greatest achievement in orchestral music, known by nicknames – “Clock,” “Surprise,” “Drum Roll,” “Miracle,” “Farewell”
His symphonies & string quartets have four movements – the 1st & 4th are fast, the 2nd is slow, and the 3rd is a minuet (a dance in 3,4 time)

8. Haydn’s music
The oratorio, The Creation, best summarizes his work as a composer. It is mature, yet simple.
String Quartet Opus 76 No. 3 is nicknamed “Emperor” because in the second movement, Haydn quotes the melody from "God Save Emperor Francis", an anthem he wrote for Emperor Francis II (The same melody is used for the German national anthem)

9. Haydn’s music
Other works – string quartets, concertos, marches, chamber music, operas, oratorios, choral music, keyboard music, vocal music