1. West East Stateless States
Africa
West
East
Stateless States

2. Africa Geography After Asia, Africa is the largest of the continents
Stretches over 5000 miles
Surrounded almost completely by two oceans and two seas
Contains mountains, deserts (the Sahara & Kalahari), savannas and tropical jungles
The Sahara is the largest desert in the world
The savannas cover 40% of Africa

6. West African Kingdoms - Ghana
First great trading state of West Africa
Kings ruled without any laws
Kings relied on a well-trained army of thousands of men
Built power on gold and salt trade
Also traded ivory, ostrich feathers, hides and slaves
Traded across desert by Berbers, nomadic people who traveled by camels
Weakened by war and collapsed during the 1100’s

8. West African Kingdoms - Mali
New state that grew in Ghana’s place
Established by Sundiata Keita
Mansa Musa created a strong central government and divided the kingdom into provinces
Doubled the size of the Kingdom of Mali
Provinces were ruled by appointed governors
He believed religious education was extremely important

9. West African Kingdoms – Mali
Accomplishments by Mansa Musa
Imported scholars and books to introduce the message of Allah
Brought architects back to build mosques

10. The Mosque of Djenne, Mali
The Grand Mosque of Niono, Mali

11. West African Kingdoms – Songhai
Benefited from Muslim trade routes
Conquered parts of Ghana and Mali’s trading empire
Gained control of gold and salt trade
Declined and almost disappeared by 1600

13. East African Kingdoms - Bantu
Bantu communities were based on subsistence farming
Men tended the herds, hunted and traded
Women tilled the fields and cared for the children

14. East African Kingdoms – Trading Posts
Muslims began settling along the eastern coast and setting up port cities
Mogadishu
Mombasa
Kilwa
Swahili culture, a mixed Africa-Arabian culture, began to emerge
Intermarriages occurred often
Swahili became a language of the area that combines Bantu and Arabic words and phrases
It is the international language of Kenya and Tanzania

15. South Africa State & Stateless Societies
Stateless society – a group of independent villages organized by clans and led by a local ruler or clan head
Zimbabwe was the wealthiest and most powerful state in the region
Prospered from the gold trade

16. African Culture
Women’s roles included: cared for children, worked fields and sometimes merchants
Men’s roles included: tend to cattle and/or hunted
Lineage was matrilineal – descent traced through the mother
Women could inherit property and husband was expected to move into wife’s house

17. African Culture - Education
Mothers taught all children language, family history and songs with meaning until the children were six
Children were separated and lived in the “house of the women” or “house of the men”
Fathers taught sons how to hunt, fish, grow plants and how to clear the fields for planting
Mothers taught girls how to care for the home, work the fields and how to be a good mother and wife
At puberty, children were isolated from the community and participated in a ceremony where they symbolically die and get reborn. Then they emerge as full members of the community.

18. African Culture - Slavery
Had been practiced in Africa since ancient times
Berber groups raided villages for captives. Captives were then sold off through the Mediterranean
Slave jobs included soldiers, domestic servants, forced labor on farmland
In Muslim societies, some slaves could win their freedom
Living conditions were often decent and sometimes were almost the same as the free individuals