1. Medicines and Drugs In this chapter, you will Learn About…
How to use medicines wisely.
Narcotics, stimulants, and depressants.
Marijuana and other illegal drugs.
How to stay drug free.
Introduce the chapter objectives to students. Each objective represents a lesson within the chapter.
Clicking the Health Online icon on the left bar takes you to the URL of Glencoe’s health Web page. The Web page features a Health Inventory to help students assess their knowledge, behavior, and attitudes concerning medicines and drugs.
Clicking the Foldables icon on the left bar leads to an activity. In this activity, students will create a Foldable to organize the information on medicines and drugs in Lesson 1.

2. Using Medicines Wisely
In this lesson, you will Learn About…
How medicines differ from drugs.
Types of medicines.
How medicines are used.
How medicines affect the body.

3. Using Medicines Wisely
The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are:
Drugs.
Medicines.
Prescription medicines.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.
Vaccine.
Antibiotics.
Side effect.
Tolerance.
Click each term to display its definition.

4. Medicines and Drugs
What do you think of when you hear the words medicines and drugs? Many people use the terms interchangeably.
All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines.
Drugs are substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind. Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases and other conditions.

5. Medicine Safety
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that all medicines are safe and effective. The approval process includes these steps:
A potential new medicine is discovered.
Researchers conduct experiments to help decide how the new medicine might be used to treat an illness.
The FDA reviews the preliminary research and test results. If approved, the new medicine is studied in humans.
If the FDA decides that the medicine is safe and effective for its intended use, the FDA approves it.
A potential new medicine is discovered.
Researchers conduct experiments to help decide how the new medicine might be used to treat an illness. Early testing is conducted on animals to determine if the medicine has any harmful effects.
The FDA reviews the preliminary research and test results. If approved, the new medicine is studied in humans.
If the FDA decides that the medicine is safe and effective for its intended use, the FDA approves it.
Once approved, the medicine can be made available for physicians to prescribe or for consumers to purchase.

6. Prescription Medicines
Some medicines are very strong and potentially harmful, so doctors must write special orders for them.
Before you take a prescription medicine, read the label carefully and make sure that you are interpreting the instructions correctly.
Prescription medicines are medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician.
Ask students to give examples of different types of prescription medicines.

7. Prescription Medicine Label
Prescription number
Pharmacy’s name, address, and phone number
Date prescription was filled
Name of prescribing doctor
Name of patient
Whether refills are allowed
Directions from doctor
Special instructions
Name of medicine

8. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines
OTC medicines are available at pharmacies, supermarkets, and other stores that sell medicine.
Always check with an adult before using any OTC or other medicine.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician. Even so, OTC medicines may cause harm if not used as directed.
Be sure to read and interpret correctly the information provided on an OTC medicine container label.

9. Types of Medicines Medicines to Prevent Diseases
A vaccine is a type of medicine that prevents a disease from developing.
Medicines to Relieve Pain
Many people take medicines to relieve pain.
Medicines to Fight Infection
Many communicable diseases are fought with antibiotics.
Other Medicines
A variety of medicines is available to treat certain health problems or conditions.
Medicines to Prevent Diseases. A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that causes the immune system to produce antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that attack and kill or disable specific germs that cause disease.
Common vaccines given today include those that protect you from communicable diseases (those that can spread), such as measles and chicken pox. These vaccines provide long-lasting protection. Others, such as the flu vaccine, must be administered periodically.
Medicines to Fight Infection. Antibiotics are medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body. Each type of antibiotic fights only certain types of bacteria. For example, penicillin is highly effective in killing the bacteria that cause strep throat and pneumonia.
Medicines to Relieve Pain. When the body feels pain, such as that from a headache or toothache, pain messages travel along the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain medicines block these pain messages or lessen their effect. Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are commonly used OTC medicines for treating minor pain. A doctor may prescribe stronger medicines such as codeine or morphine for severe pain.
Other Medicines. Specific medicines are used by people with chronic conditions including heart and blood pressure problems, diabetes, and allergies.

10. Medicine in the Body
The effects of a medicine in the body depend on the type and amount of medicine taken. The way a medicine is taken will also affect how quickly it begins to work in the body.
Medicines will affect each person differently. That is why it is important for medicine to be used only as prescribed or directed, and only by the person who needs the medicine.

11. How Medicines Enter the Body
Ingestion 
Medicine in pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid form is swallowed.
Inhalation 
When a liquid medicine is changed into a fine mist, it can be inhaled, or breathed in.
Injection 
Medicine given through injection goes directly into the blood.
Absorption 
Creams and ointments are applied to the skin or scalp and absorbed by the body. Skin patches are applied to the skin and release medicine over time.
Ingestion: Ingested medicine moves through the stomach and small intestine and is absorbed into the bloodstream and circulated throughout the body.
Injection: Some injections are given in a vein, others under the skin or into a muscle.

12. Side Effects
In addition to the intended effect, some medicines also cause one or more side effects. Common side effects include headaches, an upset stomach, and drowsiness.
If you have side effects with a medicine, talk to your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.
Some side effects, such as kidney failure, can be serious. Others may stop after the body adjusts to the medicine. Some people may be allergic to certain medicines and may need to see a doctor about alternatives.

13. Tolerance
When used over a long period of time, certain medicines can cause a person to develop a tolerance.
In some cases, the medicine ceases to be effective and the doctor must prescribe a different type of medicine.
Tolerance is a condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective. In some cases, the medicine ceases to be effective and the doctor must prescribe a different type of medicine.

14. Overuse of Medicines
The more often antibiotics are used, the more likely it is that bacteria will develop a resistance to them. This is another reason why medicines must always be used wisely and in moderation.
If medicines are overused, they can lose their ability to fight diseases. For example, the use of penicillin became widespread in the 1940s. Within just a few years, new strains of bacteria had developed. The new bacteria were resistant to penicillin.

15. Mixing Medicines
When two or more medicines are taken at the same time, the combined effects may be dangerous.
Each medicine may have a stronger effect than it would have if taken alone.
The medicines may combine to produce unexpected effects.
One medicine may cancel out the expected effects of the other.
Because mixing medicines can produce unpredictable and sometimes even deadly results, it is vital to let your physician know about all medicines you are presently taking.

16. Reviewing Terms and Facts
A _________ is any effect of a medicine other than the one intended.
side effect
Click to show the correct answer.

17. Reviewing Terms and Facts
List the three possible reactions that can result from taking more than one medicine at the same time.
Each medicine may have a stronger effect than it would have if taken alone.
The medicines may combine to produce unexpected effects.
One medicine may cancel out the expected effects of the other.
Click to show the correct answer.

18. Thinking Critically
Explain the difference between prescription medicines and OTC medicines.
Prescription medicines are medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician.
Click to show the correct answer.

19. Vocabulary Review
Drugs are substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

20. Vocabulary Review
Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

21. Vocabulary Review
Prescription medicines are medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

22. Vocabulary Review
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

23. Vocabulary Review
A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that causes the immune system to produce antibodies.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

24. Vocabulary Review
Antibiotics are medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

25. Vocabulary Review
A side effect is any effect of a medicine other than the one intended.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

26. Vocabulary Review
Tolerance is a condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective.
Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

27. Fold the sheet of notebook paper in half along the long axis.
On the top layer, cut every third line. This will form 10 tabs.
Demonstrate the activity and have students follow the steps after you. Click to view the next steps in creating the Foldable.

28. Label the tabs as shown.
Under the appropriate tab of your Foldable, write notes and define terms related to medicines and drugs.
Demonstrate the activity and have students follow the steps after you. Click to return to the Chapter Overview slide.

29. Assess your knowledge, behavior, and attitudes concerning medicines and drugs by taking the Health Inventory for Chapter 11 at
Students can visit to take the Health Inventory and more. Click to return to the Chapter Overview slide.